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Abstract 1.The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to promote normal dentin tissue formation compared to calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping procedures. Subjects and methods: A total number of three mongrel dogswere used as experimental animal models. Two access cavities were prepared in each dog and the pulp tissue was extirpated.The extirpated pulp tissues were digested to obtain single-cell suspensions. In each of the three dogs, class V cavities were prepared and the pulp exposed, followed by capping:group I: (12 teeth) pulp capping with calcium hydroxide (Dycal).group II: (12 teeth) pulp capping with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Results: Histologically, the reparative dentin formed in the calcium hydroxide group exhibited a mixed dentin structure with both amorphous (atubular) and tubular dentin. Tunnel defects were also observed within the formed reparative dentin. In dental pulp stem cells group, DPSCs formed normal dentin structure that was similar to normal secondry dentin in terms of less organized dentinal tubules |