الفهرس 
Title
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Breath holding spells are a common and dramatic form of syncope and anoxic seizure in infancy. Even though these episodes are benign, but cases of sudden death, prolonged asystole, and status epilepticus have been reported. Aim of the work: Identification of the possible risk factors of breath holding attacks. Patients and methods: This study included 50 patients and 30 healthy controls, who were subjected to full history, clinical examination, serum iron, electroencephalography and 24h Holter. Results: There is significant difference between patients and controls to serum iron with (P value 0.011) and to (pNN50 all) with (P value= 0.022). Patients, who did not show total improvement after 3 months of iron therapy, had significantly lower minimum heart rate values than the patients who showed complete cessation of the attacks (P value 0.014). Conclusions: Referral of the patients with BHS to the pediatric neurology or the pediatric cardiology division is not needed in the typical form of BHS based on the clinical diagnosis. Assessment of serum iron level and proper treatment with iron supplementation (at 6 mg/kg/day of elemental iron for 12 weeks) are useful in the reduction of the frequency and the severity of breath holding attacks