الفهرس 
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Abstract
Drilling fluids, also known as drilling mud are used in drilling for oil, gas, and water wells to accomplish a variety of functions and ensure effective drilling operations. When drilling by rotary method, it is necessary to use a drilling mud that lubricates the drilling system, carries the cuttings to the well’s surface, and completes a variety of other functions to ensure successful drilling process. During most active drilling operations, drilling fluid is continually cycled in and out of the wellbore.
Water-based mud is the most often used drilling fluid since it is more environmentally friendly and less costly than other drilling fluids. During the drilling process, a variety of problems such as lost circulation, insufficient hole cleaning, and stuck pipe may take place.
Different organizations have given researchers permission to investigate the use of many nanoparticles to create drilling fluids with smart features designed to sustain harsh bottom environments, particularly in situations of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).
Nanotechnology has a lot of potential for solving difficulties with drilling fluids that cannot be handled using traditional methods.
Nanomaterials are engineering materials with the understanding that one of those substances is in the range of at least 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanostructures include a wide range of nanomaterials, each with its own specific and exact properties, and they provide several essential and unprecedented options in disciplines and sectors critical to contemporary life. Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical qualities that allow them to enter and be used for drilling and drilling fluids for the creation of intelligent drilling fluids by assessing and enhancing drilling fluid features such as rheological and filtration. However, the hazards associated with drilling fluids have led to the application of nanotechnology to mitigate these concerns.
Drilling fluid selection is mostly determined by the type of formation and borehole depth. Water, bentonite mud, cutting oil, and polymers are some of the common drilling fluids (both water-based and oil based.
To alleviate higher filter loss issues in this work, two types of nanoparticle materials were used.
According to the American Petroleum Institute, authors compared the effects of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles on the rheological and filtration characteristics of water-based mud.
In this these , author investigate the effect of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles on rheological properties such as share rate , plastic viscosity , apparent viscosity , share stress , and yield point and filtration properties such as filter loss, mud cake thickness to compare between reference case and (water base mud without additives) and with additive of two types of nanoparticles .
The activity of water-based fluids containing cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and other mineralogical techniques.