الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Total quality management (TQM) is one of the most important
concepts that have captured the attention of many organizations around
the world, especially after the outstanding success in the field of industry.
The concept of TQM was adopted in higher education institutions (HEIs)
because it was considered as a means to enhance the quality of higher
education and as one of the common and desirable administrative patterns
in the current period. The majority of studies confirmed that the
application of TQM has a significant impact on the organizations through
improving current performance and increasing job satisfaction levels
among the employees, which leads to increase production, profit rate,
lower costs, and also improve employee relations.
TQM defined as a comprehensive management way characterized by
performing the correct work in a correct manner from the first time to
satisfy the customers and achieve the organization goals effectively and
efficiently in the shortest time through the interaction of all its members.
It is known in HEIs as an administrative strategy adopted by the
educational institution which characterized by continuous development
and based on a set of principles in order to graduate a qualified students at
a high level of quality from all mental, psychological, moral and social
aspects to meet the needs of the labor market and satisfy all the
beneficiaries in the society.
Aim of the study:
The aim of the study is to determine obstacles of implementing total quality
management at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University.
Study design:
A descriptive design was used to conduct this study.
Setting:
The study was conducted at all scientific departments at Faculty of Nursing,
Damanhour University (N=9 departments), namely: Nursing Administration, Medical
Surgical Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, Gerontology Nursing, Community Health Nursing,
Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Critical
Care and Emergency Nursing and Nursing Education.
Subjects:
The study was conducted at all faculty staff members from the nine scientific
departments at the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University was included (N=102)
and who was available during time of data collection.
Tools:
The study utilized one tool for data collection which was the obstacles to TQM
implementation questionnaire sheet.
Tool 1: The obstacles to TQM implementation questionnaire sheet:
Developed by Mosadeghrad(16) (2013), and modified by Moustafa
and Abd-Elhamid(4) (2017) to measure the obstacles of TQM
implementation. It consisted of
69 items divided into five
subscales namely: aspect of administration (9items), faculty staff
member (14 items), scientific research (9 items), community
service (9 items) and the faculty (28 items). Responses was
measured on a 3-point Likert rating scale ranging from (1) weak
to (3) strong. The scoring system for levels of obstacles was done
as follows: weak obstacles range from 69-114, medium obstacles
range from 115-160, strong obstacles range from161-207 and
total score ranges from 69-207.
In addition, a demographic data sheet of faculty staff
members including questions about: department, gender, position
tittle, years of experience and marital status.
Method:
1. An official written permission was obtained from the dean
of Nursing Faculty, Damanhour University to collect study
data.
2. The study tool was distributed to five experts in the field of the
study and tested for its content validity. They were one professor
from Nursing Administration Department, Alexandria University,
two professors from Nursing Administration Department, El-
Mansoura University and two assistant professors from Nursing
Administration Department, Tanta University. The necessary
modifications were done based on their comments.
3. The reliability of the tool was tested statistically using Cronbach’s
Alpha Coefficient test to measure internal consistency of the items
composing each dimension of the tool. The results of Cronbach’s
Alpha Coefficient test which proved to be strongly reliable (.963)
for the obstacles to TQM implementation scale.
4. A pilot study was carried out on 10% of total sample size of
faculty staff member (N=10) who were not included in the study
subjects in order to check and ensure the clarity and applicability
of the tool, identify obstacles and problems that may be
encountered during data collection and estimate the time needed to
fill the questionnaire and the necessary modification were done.
5. Data collection for this study was conducted by the researcher by
hand- delivered questionnaires to the study subjects after
explanation the aim of the study and the needed instruction was
provided to them. The data collection took about two months from
1-10-2019 to 30-11-2019.
Ethical Considerations
1. The research approval was obtained from the ethical committee at
the faculty of Nursing –Damanhour University, prior to the start of
the study.
2. Before data collection, an informed written consent was obtained
from the study subject for participation in the study to collect the
necessary data.
3. Privacy and right to refuse to participate in the study was assured.
4. Confidentiality and anonymity regarding data collected was
maintained.
Statistical analysis:
1. The collected data were coded and entered in special format to be
suitable for computer feeding. Following data entry, checking and
verification process were carried out in order to avoid any errors.
2. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science
SPSS (version 20).
The following statistical analysis measures were used:
a. Descriptive statistical measures, which included: numbers,
percentages, and averages (Minimum, Maximum, Arithmetic
mean ( X ), Standard deviation (SD).
b. Statistical analysis tests, which included Chi square test,
student t test and ANOVA test.
c. Graphical presentation included: Bar graphs were done for
data visualization.
The main results of the present study were as follows:
The result showed that TQM implementation obstacles were
ranked as: scientific research, aspect of administration, the faculty,
faculty staff and community services obstacles.
The present study clarified that there was a highly statistical
significant correlation between scientific departments and subscale
scientific research obstacle levels.
The study result revealed that the most of TQM obstacles have
highly statistical significant correlation and each other at p value
(.000).
According to faculty staff members demographic characteristics,
the vast majority of the faculty staff members (96.1%) were
females and the majority (80.6%) were married. while, one-third of
them (31.1%) were assistant lecturers and less than half (43.7%)
had 5 years of experience and more respectively.
In the light of the finding of the recurrent study, the following
recommendation can be suggested:
7. Developing workshops for academic leaders, faculty staff members
and employees about polices and strategies of TQM implementation.
8. Encourage faculty staff members to participate in decision making
and problem solving regarding TQM implementation issues.
9. Establish standards for academic leader’s selection which in relation
with the international standards.
10. Spreading the culture of quality at the organization and its scientific
departments.
11. Funding the scientific research with a special budget.
12. Future studies that should be conducted:
Developing strategies to overcome the obstacles of TQM
implementation at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University.
Replicated this study by using qualitative methods to provide
more understanding for TQM obstacles at Faculty of Nursing,
Damanhour University.
The impact of accreditation on the educational process at
Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University.
Comparison between accreditation and non-accreditation
faculties at Damanhour University.
Dissemination of this study to all faculties at Damanhour