الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present Ecological study covers the seasonal and dynamical fluctuations of three inspected species of scale insects infested olive trees under irrigation in two localities, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt and El-Baida region, Libya. The study was carried out during the elapsed period from February 2017 to February, 2019.
The scale insects under study were, the ornate pit scale, Pollinia pollini (Costa) (Family : Cercoccidae);the black olive soft scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Family Coccoidea) and the white olive scale, Leucaspis riccae (Targioni – Tozzetti) (Family Diaspididae).
Ecological and dynamical fluctuations of three inspected species of scale insects on olive trees in Egypt and Libya.
1.The ornate pit olive scale, Pollinia pollini (costa)
1.1 In Egypt
The results revealed that the estimated densities of fluctuating population of P. pollini on olive trees under irrigation throughout following growing seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 proved one extending peak occurred in the second half of July in each year.
Results concerning the monthly variation (Q.I.) in the total fortnightly counted individuals of P.pollini / 5trees throughout the period of study. revealed the presence of two increasing variation periods atin both growing seasons.
Considering the population age structure, it was revealed in the first growing season. that the immature stage cached the maximum of 341 individuals,( resembled 54% of total counted individuals) in second half of May while the minimal one was observed in the second half of December. In the second one, the maximum population of immature stage was observed in the second half of July (56% of total count) and the lowest one during the second half of December. The adult females were observed in high ratio in the second half of July versus a lowest are in the second half of December in both growing seasons. The obtained results proved a one generation per annum with a peak in the second half of July in Matrouh, Egypt.