الفهرس 
PEDIATRIC TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
raumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is a significant health burden worldwide. Children aged 0 to 4 years have the highest incidence of TBI among the non-elderly with over 300,000 emergency department visits, 9,250 hospitalizations, and 760 deaths, annually (Taylor et al., 2017).
Despite the high incidence of TBI in infants and toddlers, very few studies have assessed risks and tracked developmental trajectories. Despite these limitations, findings suggest that infants and preschoolers with moderate-severe TBI have long-term decrements in intellectual, academic, adaptive behavior, social, and some areas of attention compared to typically developing children (Cheong et al., 2017).
This study was conducted to determine the developmental outcomes of infants and children after TBI. Detecting risk factors that had negative effect on development after TBI. As well as, detecting whether ASQ-3 is comparable to Bayley scales of infants’ and toddlers’ development 3rd edition results in those children 3 months after the head trauma.
This study was conducted on 85 cases of infants and children from 1 to 42 months with TBI, who were recruited from Emergency room, outpatients’ and neurodevelopment clinics, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University during the period from March 2021 till August 2022 of 17 months’ time frame.
All infants and children in the study were underwent to full history taking including detailed history of head trauma, full clinical examination and CT scan of the brain on admission.
Patients were seen twice, one month after hospital presentation and three months later. They underwent developmental assessment using ASQ-3 twice & Bayley Scales done once at the second visit.
Statistical analysis of findings showed the following data:
• ASQ-3 scores significantly improved on comparing initial and follow up results, signifying improvement in developmental outcomes after TBI.
• Factors that negatively impacts on development after TBI were need for hospital admission, lower GCS, convulsion, abnormal head CT finding and need for neurosurgical intervention.
• ASQ-3 revealed to be comparable to Bayley Scales of infants’ and toddlers’ development 3rd edition
CONCLUSION
M
ost of infants and children after TBI remained on their developmental track.
ASQ-3 can be used as a screening tool for infants and children after TBI before referral to Bayley scales of infants’ and toddlers’ development 3rd edition.
Factors that negatively impacts on development after TBI were need for hospital admission, lower GCS, convulsion, abnormal head CT finding and need for neurosurgical intervention.
RECOMMENDATIONS
W
e recommend using ASQ-3 as a screening questionnaire to infants and children after TBI before referral to Bayley scales of infants’ and toddlers’ development 3rd edition
Also recommend to follow up infants and children with TBI especially those with risk factors as they at risk for developmental delay.
We hope that studies will be done in the future on children after TBI in a larger sample size and follow up for a longer period to prevent neurodevelopmental delay that may occur after TBI.