الفهرس 
Title pageOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease that is rapidly growing to have a serious health problem. Obesity is recognized as an energetic imbalance caused mainly by the increased consumption of high-calorie foods. Since 1975, the WHO estimates that the prevalence of obesity has tripled globally. Pharmacotherapy may be extremely important in helping to reverse the condition when combined with lifestyle changes. The use of ketogenic diets in the treatment of obesity seems to be one of the most promising strategies. KD sometimes known as the ”keto” diet, is a low-carb, high-fat diet that has been utilised for centuries to treat particular medical disorders. For the treatment of epilepsy, diabetes, cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and Alzheimer’s disease, the ketogenic diet has been studied and utilised in carefully controlled conditions.
The aim of the present study was to explore the hepatic effects of ketogenic diet during treatment of obesity in rats and used to compare its effect with the conventional drugs used in treatment of obesity as orlistat. Also, the role of β-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) in the anti-obesity and hepatic effect of ketogenic diet was explored.
The 48 male albino rats who were 2-3 months old participated in the study. The animals were fed an obesogenic diet for three months in order to promote obesity in them. The animals were divided into two groups: the control group (8 control rats) and the obese group, which was further divided into five subgroups (8 rats each); the untreated obese group, the orlistat-treated group, the BOH-treated group, the combined (orlistat & BOH) treated group, and the ketogenic diet treated group. At the end of treatment period, rats in all studied groups were overnight fasting, blood samples were collected for assessment of serum glucose, insulin, liver function tests (AST and ALT) and lipid profile then all rats were scarified by deep anaesthesia. Liver was dissected out to determine gene expression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1C (SREBP-1c).
Summary and Conclusion
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The HFD-obese rats developed the classical picture of obesity including heavier weight, increased weight gains, hyperglycemia, insulin levels, and insulin resistance as indicated by elevated HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia as indicated by lipid profile, and elevated serum AST and ALT activities Additionally, there was marked downregulation in the hepatic expression of PI3K and AKT and marked upregulation in the expression of mTORC1 and SREBP-1c.
The present study reported a promising effect of KD as an anti-obesity agent that is superior to the conventionally used drug orlistat and BOH. KD treatment significantly ameliorate and completely normalized weight gain, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia in obese rats. At the molecular level, surprisingly KD treatments markedly corrected the disturbed hepatic gene expression.