الفهرس 
ENGLISH ABSTRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the present study we describe the effect of ginkgo biloba loaded chitosan scaffold on healing of critical sized bone defects since they do not heal spontaneously and require intervention, ginkgo biloba leaf’s extract is thought to have an osteoinductive effect on bone cells and it was delivered within a chitosan scaffold via PLGA nanoparticles. Thirty six male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, and they were divided into 3 equal groups where critical sized defects were performed in the mandibles. group A: empty defects, group B: defects were filled with unloaded CS scaffold, while in group C: they were filled with CS scaffold incorporated with GB loaded PLGA nanoparticles. characterization of the morphology of the scaffolds was done using (SEM) and they showed porous and trabecular like structure, while the size and morphology of nanoparticles was observed by (TEM), and they appeared to be spherical in shape with regular outline. Animals were euthanized four weeks and eight weeks after surgery and the results were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. After 4 weeks, the control group showed new bone formation at the defect borders and a line of fusion between new and old bone while in group B the material was partially replaced by fibrous tissue and new bone containing large number of osteocytes. group C showed significant amount of newly formed bone compared to group A and B with vascular infiltration. After 8 weeks, the control group showed mature bone formation at the periphery of the defects while the center was devoid of bone and filled with connective tissue, group B showed more significant bone formation compared to unfilled surgical defects, group C showed sustained active bone formation compared to the other groups and the difference was statistically significant. It was concluded that this scaffold is effective in bone regeneration and the GB has an osteoinductive potential.