الفهرس 
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Abstract
SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Atherosclerosis and SLE are interrelated, with heavy involvement of the immune system, the pathogenesis behind accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE remains unknown. Regulatory B -cells (Breg) can inhibit inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease, like SLE, via the production of IL-10, an antiatherogenic cytokine, which will suppress TNF- α production by monocytes leading to inhibition of T cell-mediated inflammation Bregs have a vital role in immune tolerance and their deficiency resulted in exacerbation of autoimmunityAim of the work To evaluate CD19+ CD24high CD38high Bregs in patients with SLE and its relation to disease activity and atherosclerosis development Patients and Methods Thirty patients with SLE and 23 healthy controls were included in the study. Clinical examination and laboratory tests were done. SLE disease activity was assessed by clinical SLEDAI-2 K (c–SLEDAI-2 K). Evaluation of CD19+CD24high CD38high Breg cells percentage using flow cytometry was done. All participants underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound examination for measurements the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA). The coronary artery calcium scoring was calculated using the Agatston method.