الفهرس 
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Abstract
Eighty-five mature male and female Wister albino rats with weights ranging from 200-280 g were used for this study. Animals were purchased from Experimental Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University. They were divided into five groups of 17 rats each. group I: Negative control group. group II: Control positive group injected with (45mg/kg body weight) streptozotocin intraperitoneally. group III: Diabetic rats: Received Pumpkin seeds oil (dose of 1.5 mL/kg b.wt) day after day 7 weeks. group IV: Diabetic rats: Received Ginger oil (dose of 1.5 mL/kg b.wt) approximately about 153 mg/kg b.wt day after day for 7 weeks. group V: Diabetic rats: Injected with insulin subcutaneously (10units/kg bw) daily for 7 weeks.
At the end of the experiment, the final body weights of all experimental rats were recorded. The fasting blood sugar levels were determined during the treatment. After scarification, blood was collected for further analysis of insulin level, cumulative blood sugar, hepatic and renal function and the differential leucocytic count. Pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lung tissue were dissected and samples were processed for histopathological study.
Our clinical investigation demonstrated that a successful model of diabetes was experimentally established in rats. The diabetic rats showed persistent hyperglycemia which gradually increased from the 1st week of the experiment until the end of the experiment. Diabetic rats showed prominent decrease in the body weight at the end of the experimental period. Diabetic rats also showed significantly lowered level of blood insulin and significantly higher level of cumulative blood sugar, impaired hepatic and renal function were also prominent in diabetic rats. Leucocytosis with prominent neutrophilia and monocytosis were a feature of differential leucocytic count of diabetic rats.
Administration of Pumpkin seed oil, Ginger and insulin to a great extent improved the decrease of body weight, the level of hyperglycemia, insulin, cumulative blood sugar, hepatic and renal function and the differential leucocytic count. This was due to the fact that, these products antagonize well the oxidative stress of hyperglycemia.
Summary
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Histopathological examination of pancreatic, hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues of diabetic rats revealed the presence of congestion of blood vessels with perivascular edema, leucocytic infiltration, necrobiotic changes and coagulative necrosis of the islets of Langerhans, hepatocytes, renal tubules and cardiac muscles, subacute tubulointerstitial nephritis in renal tissue.
Histopathological examination of splenic tissues of diabetic rats revealed the presence of greatly enlarged white pulb, congested blood vessels and red pulb which infiltrated with leucocytes, while lung tissues showed interstitial pneumonia with thickened alveolar wall, The wall of the blood vessels was thickened and sometime hyalinized with perivascular edema and leucocytic infiltration, the bronchioles showed few leucocytes and small amount of mucous in its lumen, Hyperplasia of the peri bronchial lymphoid aggregations were prominent.
In this study, it had been reported that, treatment by Pumpkin seed oil overcome these changes to a lesser extent while treatment by Ginger and insulin overcome these changes to a great extent. The majority of the cells tend to be more or less normal. This improvement in the tissues may be due to the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Pumpkin seed oil and Ginger and due to the antidiabetic effect of insulin.