الفهرس 
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Abstract
(DM) is a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) and insufficiency in production or action of insulin produced by the pancreas inside the body. Based on the World Health Organization, there are currently >400 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide, and that number will reach to 552 million by 2030 .Diabetes is commonly accompanied by zinc defeciency. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals and humans have shown that zinc has numerous beneficial effects in both T1DM and T2DM and zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes improves glycemic status ,promotes lipid parameters and reduce oxidative stress status.Hence, it is evident that zinc has a promising potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetes.There is a significant relationship between diabetes and imbalance of zn homeostasis and results showed that ZnONPs in low doses up to 300 mg/kg body weight (bwt) were safe, and both insulin secretion and glucose status were improved . ZnONPs showed greater antidiabetic activity by improved glucose disposal, insulin levels, and lipid profile status. This finding could be attributed to the extremely small dimensions; nanoparticles can easily cross through biological membranes and be accumulated in blood. Nanoforms are able to reach more to organelles within the body where their efficacy may be increased .
The present study was conducted on 40 albino rats weighing 115±10g randomly classified into equal 4 groups:
1. Control group :Rats kept in normal basal diet and water.
2. ZnONPs group: Rats received ZnOPs solution orally according to body weight 3 times / week for 8 weeks at dose of 5 mg/bw.
3. Streptozotocin group (STZ): Rats injected with STZ solution according to body weight as a single dose intraperitoneal at dose of 35 mg/bw. After injection ,30gm glucose powder was dissolved in100 ml distalled water for drinking in water to avoid hypoglycemia in the day of injection.
4. STZ+ZnOPs group :The same doses as mentioned before.
The obtained results can be summarized as following: 1- In STZ group:
1- A significant decrease in body weight.
2- A significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL- C and LDL-C concentration and glycemic parameters as FBS , fructosamine concentration, and HbA1C
percent and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein and insulin concentration compared to control group.
3- Significant increase in levels of oxidative stress marker in the liver such as MDA .
4- Significant decrease in the antioxidant system in the liver, such as superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione activity and catalase activity .
5- Significant increase in apoptotic markers such as P53 and caspase-3 due to cell death.
2- In (STZ+ZnONPs) group:
1- Significant improvement of the total body weight.
2- Improving total lipids profile, e.g.: cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C , LDL-C and HDL concentration.
2- Significant improvement of glycemic parameters, such as the FBS, insulin fructosamine concentration and HbA1C percent .
3- Significant decrease in amylase and lipase levels.
4- Significant decrease in levels of oxidative stress marker in the liver, (MDA) .
5- Significant increase in the antioxidant system in the liver, such as superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione activity, and catalase activity.
6- Significant decrease in apoptotic marker of P53 and Caspase 3. 7- Improvement of liver histopathology.
3-In ZnONPs group:
No significant changes occurred.