الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
With more than 4.5 million fatalities happening in the developing world, CAD is the largest cause of cardiovascular mortality globally. Due to the high incidence of CAC in patients with CHD, PCI is challenging to conduct. The size of CAC closely correlates with the level of atherosclerosis and the frequency of future cardiac events.
Over 90% of men and 67% of women over the age of 70 are affected by CAC, which is age and gender-dependent. Additionally, CAC risk factors include having a higher body mass index, DM, abnormal lipid levels, a family history of CAC, CKD, higher fibrinogen levels, and higher C-reactive protein levels.
Detection of CAC may be done by non -invasive modalities as CAC scoring using non-contrast CT or invasive methods as IVUS or OCT. Fluoroscopy has lower sensitivity than IVUS and OCT.
CAC score has high prognostic value, as higher calcium scores are associated with high incidence of MACE. The risk ratio for MACE increased to 7.2-fold for a CACS between 400 and 1000 and to 10.8-fold for a score >1000.
There is no established treatment for CAC, in large study , With no impact on the course of CAC, atorvastatin reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and somewhat decreased MACE.