الفهرس 
. CoverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 109 |  |  |
| | | from | 109 | | |
Abstract
This study aimed to throw the light on the fracture of lower jaw of camels: its causes, symptoms and some of methods of fixation. Also, study immobilization techniques for fixation of mandibular fractures in dromedary camels.
This study was carried-out in the Wadi-El-Dawasser city –Riyadh –Saudi Arabia.
On the total n=160 camels that suffer from fracture of the lower jaw during the period extended from the year March 2017 To july 2019.
The animals were Treated by ORIF using DCP orthopedic plates , were n=120 and rest ,n= 40 were treated by( I DW) using k-wire . Fracture cause, type and symptoms were also, described according to case history, clinical and radio graphical examination.
Anesthesia: Xylazine HCl 2%, (0.2 mg /kg) by intravenous route, (laboratories calier de losansessa, bogata,Colombia ) with combination of ketamine 0.7 mg/kg, intra venously (R/ ketamidor 10%, Chanelle Parma ,Dublin Road, Loghera, Galway, ireland).
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2%, (50 ml, Pharmaceutical solution company ). The animal was maintained in sitting position in case of (IDW) TECHNIQUE and the head was stretched and placed on a surgical trolley. When the operation done in Saudi desert by medical equipped car the animal maintained on the disinfected well bedded ground in lateral position for (ORIF) technique and sternal sitting position for (IDW) technique .
The symptoms are similar in all studies, as hanging of lower jaw, unable to eat, and difficult to drink, foul smell from mouth. The freshness of the fracture has effect on the outcome of treatment as said by (ahmed fathi Mohamed). As more fresh fracture, the better and faster to healed.
Dropping of the lower jaw, appearance of some blood due to bleeding, blood clots and some time necroses due to delayed admission to operation.
X rays shows the mandible fracture well, type of fracture and its position easily.
Total number 160 camels , 120 of them of them well treated by bilateral open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) by using DCP (Dynamic compression plate). The rest 40 cases treated with interdental wiring.(IDW)
The statistical analysis was made using (SPSSPC+-Version 25) using Chi2-Test for determining the incidences of lower jaw fractures among sex, age, seasons, causes of the fractures.
Our results were concluded that The fracture of lower Jaw in camel is most common occur in camels. It commonly occur in adult camels more than 5 years old especially in males during the rut season due to fighting between males, and also can occur due to any accidents that causes fracture to the lower jaw. ORIF using DCP or normal plate system is reliable treatment of fractured mandible either the fracture site at level of canine or at first premolar and at angle of ramus, enabling immediate functional recovery with excellent out comes and clinical results The technique is safe, enable stable, sound bone healing with almost, no clinical complications observed during a mean follow up period 12 months.
In general, our results indicated that, the plate fixation is preferable than the wire fixation especially in prevention of any dawn deviations in the jaw after the operation that may be results from the fixation by(I D W) fixation.