الفهرس 
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Abstract
Immediate replantation is the recommended treatment for tooth avulsion as it enhances the periodontal ligament cell viability. However, it is not always possible to do immediate replantation. In such cases, to preserve periodontal ligament cell viability, avulsed teeth must be kept in a proper medium. The current study was carried out to evaluate the potential of two concentrations of propolis in preserving the viability of PDL cells for different time intervals in comparison with milk.
Immortalized human skin fibroblasts were cultured in an aseptic laminar flow tissue culture hood. The cells were kept in a humid CO2 incubator at 37ºC in an environment of 5% CO₂ and 95% air for 24 h, in pre-warmed Dulbecco Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotic antimycotic solution (PSF). The cells were subcultured until there was an adequate quantity of cells was obtained.
The viability of cells was assessed in the following storage media: DMEM, pasteurized low fat content milk and two different concentrations of propolis (10%, and 20%) that were prepared by diluting using PBS, DMEM, milk. Six replicates were performed for each experimental solution.
The cells were trypsinized, counted with hemocytometer, and plated at initial density of 1x10⁴ cells/well in 100 μl of culture medium in 96-well culture plates. Each plate stands for a time interval. The plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37℃ in 5% CO2 and 95% air to allow cells to adhere to the surface of the culture plates. Then, cell culture media were removed from each well and cells were exposed to 100μL of each storage media at room temperature for time points of 1, 3, 6 and 12 h.
After predetermined periods of time, the SRB assay plates were prepared. On a microplate reader, the absorbance values at 540 nm were measured to evaluate cell viability For easier interpretation of the obtained results, the absorbance values were converted to viability percentages. All the collected data for all samples were tabulated and statistically analyzed.
The present study found that Propolis had a significantly higher percentage of viable cells survived in Propolis10% and Propolis 20% storage media in comparison to other experimental storage media milk, DMEM and PBS through the culture times; 1h, 3h, 6h and 12h.
Milk have shown good performance until 6h however, Propolis 10% and Propolis 20% still significantly gave the highest values. After 6h, cell survival was significantly affected, and this percentage loss of cell viability brought down toward very low values for all tested media by 12h except both concentrations propolis in milk that were shown to be the most efficacious in preserving cell viability of all solutions.