الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. There are numerous factors in the etiopathogenesis of AV. The main factors are inflammation, abnormal keratinization, microbial flora changes, and increased sebum production. The mechanisms behind the beginning and maintenance of the inflammatory response are not fully known, but propionibacterium acnes plays an important role in these mechanisms.
Calprotectin, a calcium-zinc binding protein secreted by monocyte and neutrophil, has been found to play a key role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including regulation of immune response, inhibition of cell proliferation, as well as repression of pathogenic microorganism growth.
Calprotectin is the heterodimer form of S100A8 and S100A9, which are members of the S100 protein family that plays a role in various inflammatory diseases. S100A8 and S100A9 (the light subunits of calprotectin) gene polymorphism has been known to be associated with inflammatory disorder such as periodontal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease.
The current study aimed to evaluate the role of calprotectin in AV pathogenesis, through analyzing its gene polymorphism in AV patients, in addition to correlate the detected genotypes with different clinical aspect of AV in those patients.
This was a case control study conducted on 50 patients having AV and 26 age and gender matched healthy subjects as a control group. They were selected from Dermatology outpatient clinics, Menoufia University Hospitals. The clinical severity of acne was assessed by GAGs. The
Summary & Conclusions
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serum level of calprotectin and S100A8 (rs3806232) genotyping were evaluated using ELISA and real time PCR respectively.
The result of the current study showed that:
1. Serum calprotectin level demonstrated statistically significant higher mean values in AV patient than that of control group (p<0.001).
2. Calprotectin serum levels were not significantly linked to sex, site, family history, course and severity of AV patients.
3. Calprotectin serum levels were not significantly associated with age, GAGs, age of disease onset and duration of disease.
4. The most common genotype in patients was AA (72%) while AG was the commonest genotype in controls (46.2%). Moreover, A allele was significantly (p<0.001) predominated in patients (80%) while A and G alleles were equally distributed in controls.
5. Calprotectin S100 A8 (rs3806232) AA genotype was significantly predominated than AG or GG genotypes in AV patients, increasing risk of AV development by about 8 and 6 times (P<0.001, OR=7.71)(P=0.006, OR=6.00) respectively. Also calprotectin S100 A8 (rs3806232) AA genotype was significantly predominated than combined AG +GG genotype in AV patients increasing AV risk by about 7 times (P<0.001, OR=6.98)
6. A significant association in serum calprotectin levels regarding calprotectin gene polymorphism in AV patients. AA genotype carriers had a significant higher serum calprotectin level than AG genotype carriers and GG genotype carriers
7. Non statistically significant differences between calprotectin A/G genotypes regarding sex, age, site, family history, GAGs score, age of onset, duration, course and severity of AV patients.