الفهرس 
The european policies towards promoting democracy in southern mediterranean countries
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Abstract
The EU provides such policies to promote democracy and maintain stability in Southern Mediterranean countries. EU’s officials became aware of the need to develop and keep a stable relationship with its neighbors in the Mediterranean Basin. Following the Arab uprisings, the EU revised its policies which have provided a key starting point for the EU to address some of these challenges. The study reached the following conclusions: 1.The EU does not explicitly define democracy or democratization in any context and sees democracy as interdependent and mutually reinforcing. 2.A set of contradictory outcomes marked the EU{u2019}s impact on the southern Mediterranean. There are contradictions in policies, lack of clarity and conflicting priorities. There is a growing confusion in the debate on the European conditionality applied to the south Mediterranean countries. 3.The uprisings illustrate the shortcomings and weaknesses of the interest-driven EU’s approach to the promotion of democracy in Mediterranean Basin. The EU was hesitant and caught in surprise, paving the way to criticisms of selectivity, double standards and lack of effectiveness. It adopted a {u2018}wait and see{u2019} approach and suffered from the lack of a unified foreign policy. 4.Finally, the EU cannot be proud of its record in promoting democracy in the Mediterranean region because only security and stability have dominated the scene. This support came full of rhetoric, very much in line with the EU{u2019}s ambition to be considered as a normative power. The Arab uprisings have been a missed opportunity for the EU to rethink bilateral relations with southern Mediterranean countries and to base these relations on democratic principles