الفهرس 
Comparative evaluation of competency of diode laser and Er:YAG laser activation on sodium hypochlorite capability for biofilm eradication and smear layer removal
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Abstract
Objective: This study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium hypochlorite activation using two types of laser; Diode laser and Er:YAG laser utilizing PIPS tip as compared to conventional Sodium hypochlorite syringe irrigation on biofilm eradication, smear layer removal and topographic surface changes. Methods: For biofilm eradication analysis, 21 single-rooted premolar human teeth were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis, then divided into three groups of seven roots each. All teeth were subjected to irrigation with 10 ml 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite either with, conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) in group I, Diode laser activation (940 nm) in group II, or Er:YAG laser activation utilizing PIPS tip in group III. Biofilm eradication was evaluated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope CLSM. For comparing the smear removal efficacy and surface topographic changes, another 21 single-rooted premolar human teeth, were irrigated with saline during instrumentation and assigned to three groups as mentioned. Scanning Electron microscope was used to score the presence of a smear layer at different root canal levels and analyze the topographic surface changes by detecting the presence of dentinal tubules changes