الفهرس 
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Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at a Private Farm, Abo-Hammad Dictrict, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of N, P, K rates (25% NPK of the recommended rate (RR), 50% NPK (RR), 75% NPK (RR) and 100% NPK (RR) and foliar spray with citric (2g/l) and salicylic acids ( 0.2 g), beside sprayed with water (control) as well as to study the effect of cyanobacteria extract at 1.5 cm/l, cyanobacteria extract at 3 cm/l, yeast extract at 10 cm/l, yeast extract at 20 cm/l and cyanobacteria extract at 1.5 cm/l + yeast extract at 10 cm/l as well as spraying with water (control) on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato cv. T186 grown in clay soil conditions and using drip irrigation system.
This work was divided into two experiments as follow:
First experiment: Effect of mineral N, P and K rates and foliar spray with some antioxidants on the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato.
5.1.1 Plant growth
1. Fertilization tomato plants with 75% of recommended rate (RR) of N, P and K (120, 80 and 120 kg/fed. of N, P and K respectively) recorded the tallest plants and gave the highest values of number of branches /plant, dry weights of leaves and dry weight of shoots, whereas, N, P and K at 100% of RR gave the highest values of number of leaves/ plant at 90 days after transplanting.
2. Spraying plants with salicylic acid (SA) at 0.2 g/l increased stem length, number of branches/plant, number of leaves /plant, dry weights of stem, dry weight of leaves and dry weight of shoots /plant at 90 days after transplanting with no significant differences with CA at 2 g/l with respect to number of branches /plant in both seasons and dry weight of stem in the 2nd season.
3. The interaction treatment between fertilizing plants with N, P and K at 75% RR and foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l increased stem length, number of branches/plant, dry weight of stem, dry weight of leaves and dry weight of shoots /plant, whereas the interaction between N, P and K at 100% RR and foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l increased number of leaves /plant.
5.1.2 N, P and K contents and uptake
1. Fertilization tomato plants with 50, 75 and 100% of RR of N, P and K minerals increased N, P and K contents, N, P and K uptake by stem and leaves and total N, P and K uptake by shoots compared to 25% RR of N, P and K. In general, 75% of RR of N, P and K increased N, P and K contents, N, P and K uptake by stem and leaves and total uptake of N, P and K by shoots with no significant differences with 100% of RR of N, P and K in the same cases.
2. Foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l gave the highest values of N, P and K contents, N, P and K uptake by stem and leaves and total uptake of N, P and K by shoots, followed by CA at 2 g/l in both seasons.
3.In general, the interaction between 75% of RR of N, P and K and SA at 0.2 g/l increased N, P and K contents in stem and leaves, N, P and K uptake by stem and leaves and total uptake of N, P and K by shoots in both seasons .
5.1.3 Yield and its components
1. Early and total yield and its components increased with increasing N, P and K up to 100% RR of N, P and K with no significant differences with 75% RR of N, P and K with respect to total yield and its components in the 1st season. Fertilizing 100% RR of N, P and K increased early number of fruits/plant, early average fruit weight, early yield /plant, early yield/fed., number of fruits/plant, average fruit weight, yield/plant and total yield/fed. in both seasons.
2. Foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l significantly increased early number of fruits/ plant, early average fruit weight, early yield /plant, early yield /fed., number of fruits /plant, average fruit weight, yield /plant and total yield /fed. in both seasons, followed by foliar spray with CA at 2 g/l.
3. As for early yield, the interaction between 100% RR of N, P and K and foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l increased early number of fruits /plant, early average fruit weights, early yield /plant, early yield/fed in both seasons, except early average fruit weights in the 2nd season. Respecting total yield, the interaction between 75% or 100% RR of N, P and K and spraying with SA at 0.2 g/l increased number of fruits/plant, average fruit weights, yield/plant, total yield/fed in both seasons, except number of fruits /plant in the 2nd season, with respect the interaction between 100% RR of N, P and K and spraying with SA at 0.2 g/l
6.1.4 Fruit quality
1. Fertilizing tomato plants with 75% RR of N, P and K significantly increased N, P and K and total protein in fruits in the 2nd season with no significant differences with 100% with respect to N, K and total protein, TSS (brix), acidity (%) and dry matter contents, whereas 100% RR of N, P and K significantly increased vitamin C in fruits in both seasons.
2. Foliar spray with CA at 2 g/l and SA at 0.2 g/l increased N, P, K and total protein in fruits than unsprayed in the 2nd season, whereas, foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l increased TSS, vitamin C and dry matter in fruits in both seasons, without significant differences with citric acid at 2 g/l with respect to dry matter (%) in the 1st season. Citric acid at 2 g/l increased acidity in the 2nd season.
3. Respecting N, P and K and total protein, the interaction between 100% RR of N, P and K and foliar spray with CA at 2 g/l increased N, K and total protein, whereas the interaction between 75% RR of N, P and K and CA at 2 g/l increased P% in the 2nd season. As for the interaction between 75% RR of N, P and K and foliar spray with SA at 0.2 g/l increased TSS and dry matter in fruits, whereas the interaction between100% RR of N, P and K and spraying with SA at 0.2 g/l increased vitamin C in fruits in both seasons. Fertilizing with 75% RR of N, P and K without spraying increased acidity in fruits in both seasons.
from the foregoing results, it could be concluded that during summer plantation, fertilizing tomato pants cv. T186 with 75% RR of N, P and K (120, 80 and 120 kg of N, P and K, respectively) and spraying with salicylic acid at 0.2 g/l increased dry weight of shoots, N, P and K total uptake, number of fruits/plant, average fruit weights, yield/plant and total yield/fed., TSS and dry matter in fruits.
5.2. Effect of foliar spray with cyanobacteria and yeast extracts on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato
5.2.1 Plant growth
Foliar spray with yeast extract at 20 ml/l gave the tallest plants and recorded maximum values of number of branches, number of leaves/plant, dry weight of stem, dry weight of leaves and dry weight of shoots, followed by spraying with cyanobacteria extract at 1.5 ml /l + yeast extract at 10 ml /l in both seasons.
5.2.2N, P and K contents and uptake
Spraying with yeast extract at 20 ml /l significantly increased N, P and K contents, N, P and K uptake by stem and leaves and total uptake of N, P and K by shoots, followed by cyanobacteria extract at 1.5 ml /l + yeast extract at 10 ml /l in both seasons.
5.2.3 Yield and its components
As for early yield, spraying with yeast extract at 20 ml /l and cyanobacteria at 1.5 ml /l + yeast at 10 ml/l significantly increased early number of fruits /plant, early average fruit weight, early yield /plant and early yield /feddan in both seasons. Respecting total yield, spraying with yeast extract at 20 ml /l significantly increased number of fruits /plant, average fruit weights, yield /plant and yield /feddan in both seasons.