الفهرس 
Bronchial AsthmaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease which characterized by recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases in the world today that affects about 300 million people worldwide. Also, asthma is considered a major cause of disability, health care use, and poor quality of life. Patient burden from exacerbations and daily asthmatic symptoms has increased. As a result, the economic impact of asthma is also expected to increase, including costs that are both direct (e.g., medications and routine or urgent care)and indirect (e.g., missed school, decreased productivity, and decreased quality of life)
every organ system and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Bronchial asthma has a significant negative effect on quality of life (QOL), due to the impact on physical and emotional health, social life and school. For this reason, complementary and supportive cares are necessary for enhancing and improving the quality of life of children with bronchial asthma. Therefore, instruction of empowerment emphasizes on educating the parent and focuses on their strength points and capacities, educational needs,enhancing their knowledge and improving their participation in the process of their
children management. The purpose of the study: was to evaluate the effect of Parents’ empowerment
on quality of life among school age children with bronchial asthma.Research design:-A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effect of an evaluate the effect of Parents’ empowerment on quality of life among school age children with bronchial asthma.Settings:- This study was conducted at Chest Hospital Outpatient Clinic in Mit Khalaf Village at Menoufia Governorate.Sample:-A purposive sample of 40 school age children with acute or severe asthma and their parents from the above mentioned setting.Instruments of the study:-Four instruments were utilized for data collection: Instrument one: - Structured Interviewing Questionnaire.It was designed by the researcher after reviewing related literature (Rodríguez & Sossa, 2005; Alnazi et al., 2014; Alshafa & Alshehri, 2021).This instrument was divided into two parts: Part one and two: Social characteristics of Parents: - It included questions about:- age, level of education, occupation and family members, place of residence, etc. Part three: - Pediatric Asthma Symptom Scale.It was modified and translated to Arabic by the researcher based on a review of related literature from Marielena et al., (2000). It was used for assessing asthma symptoms. It was divided into two parts: Part one: Social characteristics of studied Children: - It included children’ age,gender, class grade, birth order, etc. Part two: Pediatric Asthma Symptom Scale:- It included 8 items; 5 items related asthma symptoms (such as cough , wheezing, dyspnea, asthma attack, chest pain), one item related number of asthma attacks, one item related awakened at night due to
asthma symptoms and one item related severity of asthma in the last 4 weeks. Instrument two: Parents’ Performance Observational Checklist. It developed for observation of parent’s performance for correct use of a metered dose inhaler to manage children’s asthma at home. Instrument three: Pediatric Asthma Symptom Scale. It used to assess control of asthma in children. Instrument four: Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ).The main results of the study showed that:1. More than two thirds of studied parents (70%) were mothers and (30%) of them were fathers.2. More than half (52.5%) of studied mothers were between 25 - < 30 years.3. Most of studied parents (90%) had poor knowledge on pretest meanwhile the vast majority of them had satisfactory knowledge (70%, 72.5% & 62.5% respectively) on immediate post, post one month and follow-up tests.4. More than three quarters of studied parents (87.5%) had incompetent performance about using metered dose inhaler on pretest meanwhile most of them (90%) had competent performance on immediate post, post one month and follow-up tests.5.There was a strong positive highly statistical significant correlation between grand total
score of knowledge and grand total score of practices (P<0.0001).6. All of studied children hadn’t well controlled of asthma on pretest meanwhile more than two thirds of them (72.5% and 65.0% respectively) had well controlled of asthma on posttest and follow up tests. 7. Majority of studied children (87.5%) had Poor quality of life on pretest meanwhile approximately more than three quarters of them (82.5% and 77.5% respectively) had good quality of life on post and follow up tests.8.There was a strong positive highly statistical significant correlation between grand total quality of life and grand total knowledge (P<0.0001)9.There was a strong positive highly statistical significant correlation between grand total quality of life with grand total score of practices (P<0.0001).The study concluded that:Children with bronchial asthma who received the Parent empowerment had better QOL on post and follow up test than on pretest. The study recommended that: 1. Recommendations for clinical nursing practice:- Integrating of parent empowerment into the daily routine care delivered by health
care provider at all pediatric chest clinics to enhance quality of life for all children with bronchial asthma.2. Recommendations for hospital polices:- Simple written guidelines about bronchial asthma disease, common triggers,prevention and management in addition to different method of teaching such as
group discussion and presentation should be available at all chest clinics for parents of children with bronchial asthma. A comprehensive booklet regarding promoting QOL for bronchial asthma should
be available at each chest clinics. 4. Recommendations for education:- In service educational training program should be designed and provided for parents and children with bronchial asthma to educate them those ways to enhance QOL of their children in all chest outpatient clinic of hospital.5.Recommendations For research Application of the present study on a large sample size and for a long period of time to ensure the generalization of the results.