الفهرس 
Introduction and RationaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a diabetic microangiopathy, is characterized by microaneurysms (MAs), capillary nonperfusion, and ischemia within the retina. Capillary nonperfusion impairs the nutrition of the neuroglial tissues in the retinal parenchyma, and the resultant hypoxia increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is believed to be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of DME. Intravitreal ranibizumab injection was approved for the treatment of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular edema. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new non-invasive imaging technique that employs motion contrast imaging to high-resolution volumetric blood flow information generating angiographic images in a matter of seconds. The OCTA believed to be more accurate than the FA to demarcate and measure the FAZ; as it is not obscured by leakages, pooling or staining from fluorescein. For that, This study aimed to assessment of the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on diabetic cystoid macular edema and macular perfusion aiming at improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes of diabetic maculopathy.
Non-control group clinical trial study was undertaken at Suez Canal University hospitals, Ophthalmology Department on patients who were diagnosed as having diabetic macular edema. We excluded patient with type 1 diabetes, history of vitreoretinal surgery, intravitreal injection of any drugs, macular edema not due to diabetes, presence of media opacities such as vitreous hemorrhage or cataract, cases with motion artifacts preventing the accurate analysis of the microvascularization and patients’ refusal of intravitreal injection of anti VEGF.
Enrolled patients were evaluated by taking a complete ophthalmologic history, examination and investigations by use of a pre-designed checklist in conjunction with a designed database computerized program for data entry and