الفهرس 
Biochemical studies on some plant extracts as anti-cancer
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of the extracts of the branch of Pinus roxburghii (P. roxburghii) and Nauplius graveolens (N. graveolens) as potential pharmaceutical anticancer drug against human colorectal cancer (HCT-116). The extracts of P. roxburghii and N. graveolens were tested for their antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N. graveolens possessed high significant scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS assays relative to the moderate antioxidant activity exhibited by P. roxburghii. HPLC separation demonstrated that catechin and chlorogenic acid were predominant polyphenolic compounds in P. roxburghii and N. graveolens, respectively. Moreover, the mentioned extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. The extracts inhibited the viability of HCT-116 cells with IC₅₀ values of 30.6 og ml-1and 26.5 og m⁻¹, respectively. DNA fragmentation was carried out by gel electrophoresis to detect the apoptotic pathway initiation and the results suggested that the P. roxburghii and N. graveolens extracts induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.The apoptotic pathway was tracked through measuring the relative level of mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cas3, NF-mB, and PI3k genes by qRT-PCR technique. Using of the IC₅₀ doses of the selected extracts significantly up-regulated Bax, cleaved Cas-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2, NF-{u0138}B and PI3k genes versus GAPDH gene as a house keeping gene compared to control group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased up on treatment. The potential toxicity of extracts of P. roxburghii and N. graveolens was assessed.The toxicity profile and the antitumor effect of the extracts of the two plants were tested in vivo in mice model. The results showed that the LD₅₀ of P. roxburghii was 1708.3 mg/ kg body weight and of N. graveolens 1562.5 mg/kg body weight.The results showed that this treatment led to a failure in the liver and kidney function tests. A second trial was designed, in which the mice were administered intragastrically day after day for a whole month with 1/10 the dose of the LD₅₀ of either plant extract