الفهرس 
Bacteria associated with early mortalities in broiler farms with regard to antibiotics and disinfectants resistance genes
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Abstract
Antibiotics and disinfectants’ resistant Gram-negative bacteria represent a major risk on the broiler chicks especially during the first ten days of the rearing cycle, mainly Salmonella, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as they contribute as major causes of early mortalities in broiler farms. We aimed in this study to shed light on these main three bacterial pathogens through detection of their prevalence, sensitivity range against the different antimicrobials, and resistance genes that hinder the efficacy not only of some antibiotics but also of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds that are widely used to eliminate them. Five hundred samples (liver, yolk sac, cecum, spleen and heart) from freshly dead affected chicks (1- 10 days old) were cultured on different media for the isolation of causative agents by conventional and serological methods. PCR was used for the detection of resistance genes. The Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Salmonella spp., E. coli, and P. aeruginosa in the percentages of 23, 25 and 8%, respectively. Single and mixed infections were observed as 41, and 7%, respectively. We found that 86.9% of Salmonella serovars were resistant to colistin sulphate, 48% of E. coli strains showed resistance against norfloxacin, and 87.5% of P. aeruginosa showed resistance against florfenico