الفهرس 
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from sewage water and their role as a novel alternative to antibiotics
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Abstract
To facing deficiency of water in the future scientists turn to treat sewage water. So, this study aims to use phages instead of antibiotics in control of pathogenic bacteria in sewage water due to appearance of antibiotic resistance bacteria which often be harmful to human and cause many dangerous disease. In this study physicochemical and microbiological analysis carried out in collected sewage water sample. Isolated bacteria identified using microscopical examination and biochemical tests, sensitivity of isolated bacteria on tested antibiotics occured which showed high percent of bacteria resistance to antibiotics and its percent as follow: Escherichia coli (44%), Enterococcus faecalis (84%), Staphylococcus aureus (82%), Salmonella spp. (95%), Shigella spp. (68%), Proteus vulgaris (76%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (84%). Results of pathogencity test for all isolated bacteria showed positive Congo red test (100%) for Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp.,Shigella spp. while Escherichia coli (95%) and Staphylococcus aureus (90%). Four bactaeria isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced using 16s rDNA gene, results showed that partial nucleotide sequence of the four strains (254 bp, 225bp, 254bp and 248 bp) and recorded in Genbank and their accession numbers respectively as follow: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-PS3 (KY610281.1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa-PS4 (MG657025), Enterococcus faecalis-F2 (KY711177.1) and Enterococcus faecalis-F4 (KY711178.1)