الفهرس 
Attenuation of airway and cardiovascular responses to extubation in chronic smokers by prior treatment with Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl and their combination
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Abstract
A randomized double blinded comparative study was conducted on patients who were chronic cigarette smokers scheduled for abdominal surgeries. The aim of this blind study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine, fentanyl and their combination on airway reflexes and hemodynamic responses to awake tracheal extubation in Adult chronic male smoker patients scheduled for abdominal surgeries of average 2-3 hours{u2019} duration. In conclusion; Single dose dexmedetomidine 1ug/kg given 15 min before awake tracheal extubation in chronic cigarette smoker underwent abdominal surgery provided better attenuation of airway response to extubation and suctioning with better recovery profile when compared to fentanyl 1 ug /kg alone with improving quality of extubation. Dexmedetomidine 1ug/kg when mixed with fentanyl 1ug/kg also provided tight control on hemodynamics and airway responses to extubation comparable to the dexmedetomidine alone group but on the expense on prolonged time to extubation and postoperative sedation and delayed recovery