الفهرس 
Advanced studies on pasteurellosis in farm animals
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Abstract
Pasteurella multocida(P. multocida) and Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) are widespread pathogens, resulting in economically significant animal diseases. This study aimed to investigate some of the epidemiological aspects of P. multocidaand M. haemolyticainfections in Egypt, proper diagnosis of P. multocidaand M. haemolyticainfections, describe the distribution of capsular types of P. multocidaisolates, measure the prevalence of multi-drug resistance in bacterial isolates recovered from cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats (ruminants) suffering from respiratory manifestations,investigate the humoral immune responses and protective immunity conferred by a preparedpolyvalent formalin-killedP. multocidaand M. haemolyticavaccine with the use ofMontanideTMISA 71 VG oil as an adjuvant in mice along with a biochemical and immunological evaluation of the prepared vaccine in sheep. A total of 155 deep nasal swabs were collected from 20 cattle, 37 buffaloes, 80 sheep, and 18 goats. Detection of 24 P. multocidaand 12 M. haemolyticaisolates from tested samples was carried out by bacteriological isolation, then identified by biochemical tests, and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The highest rate of infection with P. multocidaand M. haemolyticahas been found in young males (0-6 months age group). P. multocidacapsular group A was found in the majority of the P. multocidastrains (87.5%), while group D bacteria were identified in only three samples. Capsular groups B, E, and F have not been detected. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. multocidaand M. haemolyticaisolates indicated a high prevalence of multi-resistance to the majority of antimicrobials used as high resistance was detected against ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin-G, tetracycline, streptomycin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, however, 100% sensitivity was demonstrated by M. haemolyticaisolates to gentamicin