الفهرس 
Effect of upper limb exercises on blood flow in hemodialysis patients
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Abstract
Background: Renal failure is associated with a considerable decline in blood flow (in diameters, peak systolic velocity & end-diastolic velocity of brachial, radial, ulnar arteries & cephalic vein) & also functional capacity (in Oxygen saturation, heart rate & handgrip strength data) that had profound effects on patients’ activities of daily living. Physical exercises might be effective in slowing the rate or even reversing that decline.Objective: To investigate the effect of upper limb exercises (Elbow flexion-extension, Wrist flexion-extension & Hand grasp) on blood flow in hemodialysis patients: Methods: Sixty men patients on hemodialysis were participated in the study, collected from Al-Badrashin central hospital in Giza, their age ranged from 40 to 50 years, CKD had no more than 5 years taking hemodialysis maintained on regular hemodialysis 4 hours three times per week.They were randomly assigned into two equal in number groups.The study & control groups, study group who received medications, hemodialysis & upper limb & breathing exercises three times per week for six weeks after session of hemodialysis, while the control group who received medications, hemodialysis without training. Patients were assessed by ultrasound machine sonoscape, hydraulic hand dynamometer & pulse oximeter before & after the study, the study started in September 2019 & ended in march 2020. Results: The results showed that all evaluated parameters except heart rate were statistically significantly improved in the study group as compared by the control group in diameters, peak systolic velocity & end-diastolic velocity of brachial, radial, ulnar arteries & cephalic vein & Oxygen saturation & handgrip strength (5.87, 11.17, 30.39, 11.11, 19.44, 12.89, 10.14,16.11, 6.55, 22.32, 10.82, 17.11, 0.75 & 36.32 % respectively). There were no significant changes post-treatment between 2 groups concerning heart rate, the end-diastolic velocity of radial & ulnar arteries