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Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between adherence to treatment and disease activity, functional ability and quality of life of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and to demonstrate the influence of satisfaction with treatment and patient’s beliefs about medications on adherence to treatment. Methods: This study included 54 AS patients; disease activity was assessed by BASDAI, functional ability was assessed by BASFI. The following questionnaires were conducted; Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for medication (TSQM), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (specific for medications of certain disease) (BMQ-specific), EuroQoL five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). Results: The mean age of AS patients was 36.8± 9.5 years; the mean MARS-5 score was 21.5±4.06. The BASDAI, BASFI, and concern scores were significantly higher (p =0.001, 0.01, 0.01), while effectiveness score, overall satisfaction score, EQ-VAS were significantly lower (p=0.008, 0.01, 0.001) in patients with low adherence levels compared to those with high adherence levels. There was a significant inverse relation between MARS-5 and BASDAI, BASFI, and concern scores (r =- 0.46, - 0.32, - 0.31) (p= <0.001, 0.017, 0.02), while there was a significant positive correlation between MARS-5 and effectiveness score, side effect score, and overall satisfaction score (r = 0.47, 0.587, 0.38) (p= <0.001, 0.01, 0.004) |