الفهرس 
Biological Study to Benefit from Some Industrial ByProducts as Dietary Fiber Sources for Weight Loss and their Applications as Functional FoodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The utilization and recycling of food by products as source of functional fiber are becoming increasingly important for production of functional nutritional products which
characterized by their health benefits. Foods fortified with functional fiber are an effective means to prevent obesity and associated diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes
mellitus, in addition to reducing the symptoms of cancer, such as colon cancer. The artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and seafood by-product are considered as a good dietary fiber source as well as phenolic compounds and biologically active compounds which benefit in the
prevention or treatment of many diseases. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate of artichoke
stems (ASP) and shrimp (SBP) by-products as a natural dietary fiber source through
characterization of its chemical composition, nutritional value, and functional properties. The
effect of consumption intake of standard diet supplemented with dose 5 and 10% of ASP and
SBP for eight weeks on weight reduction, food efficiency ratio, several hematological,
biochemical parameters, and activities of liver enzymes and antioxidant enzymes of obese
experimental rats were studied as well as histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues.Therefore, the study also aimed to examine the effect of fortification with ASP and SBP (5 and 10%) on sensory characteristics of some food products to improve their nutritional value.
The results of the present study can be summarized as follows:
I. Chemical properties showed that
1. The results showed differences in proximate composition between artichoke stems (ASP) and shrimp shells (SBP) where ASP exhibited the highest percentage ofnitrogen free extract and crude fiber content (58.03% and 22.68%, respectively), while SBP showed the highest percent of protein and total ash (42.14% and 39.8%, respectively).
2. The ASP had the higher values for potassium, calcium, magnesium and lower in iron, manganese, and zinc than that SBP. Caloric value of ASP and SBP was 365.68 and 240.85 kcal/100 g, respectively.
3. The ASP contains 43.70% total dietary fiber and had the higher fiber content in neutral detergents (24.91%), acidic detergents (22.68%), and lignin (18.69%) as compared to SBP which was composed of 58.57% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and
had higher content of cellulose and hemicellulose than ASP.
4. The artichoke stems contained high amount of inulin (18.2 g / 100 g), which
represents 43.87% out of dietary fiber while SBP contained high amount of chitin (58.15 g/ 100 g), which represents about 71.66% out of dietary fiber.
5. The findings revealed that both ASP and SBP are functional foods that are high in protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber.
II. Biological evaluation showed that:
1. Rat fed high fat diet (positive control group) had significantly increase in body weight, compared with the control group fed standard diet. Whereas, obese rats Summary 82
treated with ASP, SBP, inulin and chitosan for 8 weeks demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight when compared to the positive control.
2. Administration of 10% ASP or SBP significantly reduced final body weight by 37.66 and 35.61%, respectively as compared to the positive control group.
3. Rats fed inulin (0.77%) showed significant reduction in body weight by 36.21% compared to the positive control and insignificant changes when compared with that of the negative control. While administration of chitosan caused a significant reduction of body weight by 6.79 % and 42.01 % compared to the negative and positive group, respectively.
4. Groups treated with ASP or SBP significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased feed intake and significantly decreased feed efficiency ratio as compared to positive control group.
5. There were insignificant changes of liver, kidney, and heart relative weights in the ASP and SBP groups compared with the negative and positive control group.
6. Treatments of HFD fed groups with ASP and SBP showed improvement with
significant reduction in lipid profile levels when compared to the positive group. On the other hand, there were insignificant differences in HDL-C values of groups fed
ASP and SBP.
7. Treatment with ASP (10%), SBP (10%), inulin (0.77 %) and chitosan (0.26 %) were
significantly reduced in LDL-C level by 34.44%, 32.68, 29.57 and 29.97 %,
respectively as compared to positive group.
8. The ASP and SBP treated groups showed significantly improvement in kidney and
liver function as well as lower glucose levels.
9. Dietary supplementation with various concentrations of ASP and SBP improved and decreased liver enzyme activity, as well as an increased in antioxid in antioxidant enzymes activity as compared to positive group.