الفهرس 
Indications for immediate implant placement
Extraction sockets according to bone condition (Fig. 4-B)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental implants have become a significant mode of tooth replacement and have revolutionized oral rehabilitation in partially and fully edentulous patients. High implant success rates, of 78% to 100%, have been reported during the past 15 years. Implant success is dependent on both the biologic tissue response and the mechanical factors. One of the main goals in dental implant treatment is to achieve optimal implant osseointegration, for which primary implant stability is considered a critical factor (1).To ensure success of dental implants certain criteria have been described by the international congress of oral implantology (ICOI) conference consensus and summarized as follow; absence of pain after implant primary healing under horizontal or vertical forces, absence of observed clinical mobility, peri-implant marginal bone loss not exceeding 0.2 in the first year and absence of peri-implant radiolucency. Also, probing depth around implant when it exceeds 5 mm, this suggest anaerobic infection need to be treated (2).Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a surgical method used to increase alveolar bone in patients with bone atrophy, before endosseous implant placement. This technique requires the use of membranes and bone grafts. membranes prevent the invasion of surrounding soft tissue and permit the osteogenic cells to repopulate bone defects, while bone graft support the membranes and lead to osteoblast growth (3).Many types of resorbable membranes with a lower risk of infections and/or contaminations that do not need a second surgical treatment have been produced and tested. Gottlow in 1984 (4) showed that the isolated space created could be invaded by osteogenetic cells from the surrounding bone.