الفهرس 
Effect of pile shaft free length and column-to-piles stiffness on the extent and hierarchy of inelastic excursions in bridge substructure system due to seismic loading
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Abstract
Pile shaft free length in bridges crossing waterways has a considerable impact on the spread of inelasticity along the pile shaft when compared to the extent of plasticity in the column body, preferable location of the plastic hinge is at the body of the column; the case study bridge was designed according to Eurocode and it has been examined by two different analysis techniques, the pushover inelastic static analysis and time history inelastic dynamic analysis, results showed that the plastic hinge may form along the pile shaft in cases characterized by remarkable relative stiffness between column and group of piles