الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this within patient study was to evaluate the effect of linear distribution of three implants supported mandibular over denture using bar and telescopic attachment on the retention and chewing efficiency. Retention was measured at the time of insertion, and after 3, 6 month of denture wearing using force-meter. Chewing efficiency was measured at time of insertion and after 3, 6 month from denture insertion. Methods : Six healthy male patients ranged between 48-60 years old were included in the study. For each patient received a conventional complete denture was used to construct steriolithognatic stent which used to guide surgical placement of implant fixture in the midline and canines areas. After healing period, the conventional denture was converted into implant supported overdenture attached to three implants. Retention force and chewing efficiency were measured at time of insertion, after 3 and 6 months of function with the use of bar clip attachments (group I )&telescopic attachments(group II) in mandibular overdenture treatment. Retention was evaluated by forcemeter and masticatory efficiency was evaluated by two-colored chewing gum. Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to compare more than 2 studied periods with post Hoc test Tukey test. Two & three Way ANOVA tests were used to assess the effect of combination of 2 or 3 independent factors on continuous parametric outcome (retention and chewing efficiency). Results : There was statistically significant difference in retention between two groups at time of insertion and after 6 months ( P<0.001*) . However, there was statistically insignificant difference between groups after 3 months (P=0.091) There was statistically significant difference of retention in group (I) between at insertion and after 3 months. (P1<0.001*), at insertion and after 6 months (P2<0.001*) and between after 3 & 6 months (P3=0.017*) There was statistically insignificant difference if retention in group (II) between at insertion and after 3 months (P1=0.303), at insertion and after 6 months (P2=0.289) and between after 3 & 6 months (P3=0.423) There was statistically significant difference in chewing efficiency between two groups at time of insertion , 3 months ,6 months .( P1<0.001) Mean chewing efficiency value significant higher mean among group (I) than group (II) at insertion , after 3 and 6 months. Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to compare chewing efficiency between at insertion, after 3 and 6 months for bar attachment (group I) and illustrates statistically significant difference between them (p<0.001). Post Hoc Tukey test was used for pairwise comparison ( between insertion and after 3 months ),( between insertion and after 6 months) and ( between after 3 &6 months) and shows statistically significant decrease of mean chewing efficiency between at insertion to after 3 & 6 months Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to compare chewing efficiency between at insertion, after 3 and 6 months for telescopic attachment group and illustrates statistically significant difference between them (p<0.001). Post Hoc Tukey test was used for pairwise comparison ( between insertion and after 3 months ),( between insertion and after 6 months) and ( between after 3 &6 months) and shows statistically significant change of mean chewing efficiency between at insertion to after 3 & 6 months. Conclusion : Telescopic attachments on three implants are a promising solution and reliable option for maximizing retention and chewing efficiency.