الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Creation ofaircraft with aminimum weight Optimal (minimumtime) journeys for space missions Numerical techniquesare the mos tsignificantgeneri capproachtoo ptimization. Numerical
methods relyonite ratively producing aseries of solutions that are improved with increasing
the iterations. When some of the convergenceconditionsaremet, theprocedureisended.Heuristicandmeta-heuristicalgorithmsarekindofnumericalmethods.They can easily
be applied to many problems.Al though theycannot guaranteeto find the optimalglobal
solution, they canoften find asufficient lygoods olutionina small amoun to ftime.