الفهرس 
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adults. Aim and objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotics supplementation as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) cases. Subjects and methods: This was a randomized controlled study included 80 patients with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD with age ranging from 6 to 16 years old who are following up at the Child Psychiatry Clinics of both Children`s Hospital and Psychiatry Institute Faculty of medicine, Ain-Shams University ,All patients randomly distributed into two equal groups,Group1:ADHD cases received probotic in addtion to atomoxetine and Group2: ADHD cases received atomoxetine without probiotic ,all cases subjected to Conner’s Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) and The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) before and after intervention . Results: In group 1 , there was significant decrease in mean differences between before and after intervention as regards Oppositional, inattentive, Hyperactive/impulsive and total scores after intervention in comparison with before intervention (p<0.001). In group 2 , the mean differences between before and after showed non-significant differences regarding Oppositional, inattentive and Hyperactive/impulsive scores (p>0.05). There was statistically significant elevation (improvement) in the mean Correct trials, Correct targets, Correct foils, Target Accuracy Rate and foil Accuracy Rate scores of CPT among the group 1 compared with the group 2 (p<0.05). On the other hand, group 1 had significant lower (improvement) scores of Commission errors, Omission errors, Correct Real Time Standard Deviation , Error real time mean Score and Error Real Time SD compared to group 2 (p<0.05). In group 2, the mean differences between before and after showed non-significant differences regarding all sub items of CPT (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Results of This study suggests that Probiotic supplementation could be beneficial as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of ADHD cases.. This is a relatively new area of research and the number of included studies is limited.