الفهرس 
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Abstract
Young green barley powder is used to treat a variety of chronic diseases, including diabetes, circulatory disorders, cholesterol reduction, obesity reduction, anticancer, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant.
The goal of this study was to boost the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of young green barley grass by increasing the active ingredients in this grass by treating barley grains before planting with T.harzianum cultural filtrate and treating the soil in which barley grains will be planted with T.harzianum cultural broth.
The research steps were as follows:
1- Preparation of Trichoderma harzianum cultural filtrate
2- Barley grains were treated with T. harzianum cultural filtrate and incubated in petri dishes for 48 hours in the incubator.
3- Germinated grains were planted in plastic pots containing soil with and without T. harzianum culture broth for 19 days.
4- Study of physiological response in barley seedlings and barley grass caused by T. harzianum administration
5- Barley grass has been harvested, squeezed, and dried after 19 days of planting in pots.
6- Estimation of phytochemical content in barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum administration.
7- Evaluation the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum administration.
8- Estimate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum administration.
9- Assessment of anticancer activity of barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum administration against HepG2 human liver cancer cells.
The most important obtained results are summarized in the following:
1- The treatment of barley grains with T. harzianum cultural filtrate significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased plumule and radical length by 57.15, 77.87, 38.47, and 41.18 %, respectively after 24 and 48 hours of incubation at 280C, compared to the control grains.
2- The treatment of barley grains with T. harzianum and the treatment with T. harzianum in grains and soil were shown to be effective in increasing germination percentages, which were 95.5 and 91.20 %, respectively.
3- During the 19-day study period, T. harzianum administration in grains and T. harzianum administration in grains and soil caused an increase in the length of barley grass
4- The ThCF in grains and ThCF in grains + ThCB in soil administrations resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in total phenolic compound in barley grass juice powder by 71.14 % and 57.75 %, respectively compared to the control barley grass juice powder.
5- The barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains had significantly (p < 0.05) highest total flavonoid content (71.00 ± 2.08 mgQCE/g extract) followed by barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains + ThCB in soil administration (37.67±1.45 mgQCE/g extract)
6- The barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains administration had significantly (p < 0.05) the highest total tannin content in comparison to control and other two administrations
7- The chlorophyll content of the barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains administration was significantly higher (28.81 mg/L) than the control and other treatments.
8- The carotenoid content of the barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains was substantially greater (8.16mg/L) than the control and other administrations.
9- The barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in grains administration exhibited the strongest scavenging activity (78.24 % ± 1.82) against H2O2
10- The anti-inflammatory activity of barley grass juice powders produced by ThCF in grains exhibited the similar trend in anti-inflammatory activity as in scavenging hydrogen peroxide, with percent inhibition of albumin denaturation of 88.85% ± 2.75.
11- Barley grass juice powder produced by ThCF in Grains + ThCB in Soil has the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (13.33 ± 0.88 mm), which is similar in activity to Gentamicin.
12- The highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (15.33 ± 1.20 mm) was found in the control barley grass juice powder, which is lower in activity than Gentamicin.
13- Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were both very susceptible to the minimal inhibitory concentration (12.50 mg/ml) of barley grass juice powder produced by T.harzianum cultural filtrate in grains administration.
14- After incubation with barley grass juice powder produced by potato-glucose liquid media administration and barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum cultural filtrate in grains administration for 168 hours, the largest decrease in colony diameter was observed in Aspergillus flavus (64.26 %) and Fusarium solani (52.31 %) compared to the control.
15- After 72 and 96 hours of incubation with barley grass juice powder produced by potato-glucose liquid media administration and barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum cultural filtrate in grains administration, the specific growth rates of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani were reduced by 43.43 and 48.00 %, respectively.
16- Barley grass juice powder produced by T. harzianum culture filtrate in Grains + T. harzianum cultural broth in Soil has the highest antifungal activity against Fusarium solani (16.78 ± 0.45 mm), which is comparable in activity to Fluconazole
17- At a concentration of 100 µg/ml of BGJP produced by ThCF in grains, the lowest percentage of HepG2 cancer cell growth was recorded (90.67 ± 0.10), while the highest percentage of HepG2 cell growth was observed (98.76 ± 0.03) at a concentration of 0.01 µg/ml of the same extract
18- Interestingly, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml of BGJP produced by ThCF in grains, the greatest inhibition percentage of HepG2 cells (9.32 %) was recorded.
19- All of the studied barley grass juice powders had IC50 values against HepG2 cells greater than 100 µg/ml
20- Treatment of HepG2 cells with BGJP produced by ThCF in grains at various doses (0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10, and 100 µg/ml) resulted in cytosolic and chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage with a damaged membrane, segmentation, and the presence of apoptotic bodies indicating apoptotic cell death