الفهرس 
A Pharmacognostical Study of Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Dianthus chinensis L., Family Caryophyllaceae, Grown in Egypt
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Abstract
Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Dianthus chinensis L., family Caryophyllaceae are annual or perennial herbs cultivated for ornamental purpose. Dianthus is one of the largest genera of family Caryophyllaceae comprising approximately 300 species, which are widespread distributed in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Our study was carried out on the aerial parts (stem and leaf) of both Dianthus species under study cultivated in Egypt for botanical, chemical, and biological investigation. DNA fingerprinting and botanical studies help for identification and authentication of both plants. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aerial parts of the two Dianthus species was carried out. The lipoidal content of both Dianthus species was carried out using GC/MS analysis.Three compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of D. chinensis L.and identified as: Lupeol, Ü-amyrin and 4, 4{u2018}-dimethoxy dianthramide.Colorimetric estimation of the total flavonoids and phenolics content showed that the total flavonoids content in Dianthus chinensis L.(23.90 og/ml) is higher than that of Dianthus caryophyllus L(9.70 og/ml), while the total phenolics content in Dianthus chinensis(46.01 og/ml) and Dianthus caryophyllus (45.76 og/ml) are nearly similar. Concerning the biological study, the dried alcoholic extract of D.caryophyllus showed potent cytotoxic activity against PC-3 and MCF-7 (IC₅₀ 13.7 ± 0.8 and 15.2 ± 1.1, respectively) with selective indices 3.12 and 2.82, respectiveley. Besides, the total extract of D. chinensis showed a moderate cytotoxic activity against the two carcinoma cell lines