الفهرس 
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Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ systems autoimmune disease. This disease typically affects females at far greater rates than males. During reproductive years, the ratio of females to males is nine to one with a lower ratio seen before puberty and a decline later in life. Causes of premature death associated with SLE are mainly active disease, organ failure (e.g., kidneys), infection, or cardiovascular disease from accelerated atherosclerosis.
This autoimmune disease characterized by the aberrant production of a broad and heterogenous group of autoantibodies. Autoantibodies directed to nuclear (ANAs), cytoplasmic, and cellular membrane antigens are considered the serological hallmark in SLE. ANAs consist of various types of autoantibodies characterized by different antigen specificities.
Aim of this study to determine the correlation between the activity of SLE disease with ANA profile (anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome and anti-Smith antibodies). Eighty (80) SLE patients were included in this study included 75 females (93.7%) and 5 males (6.3%). Mean age was 34.3±11.721 years with range from 17 to 65 years, mean duration of disease was 4.295±4.931 years, and it ranges from 0.12 to 18 years.
In current study, mean age was higher in negative anti dsDNA patients compared to positive anti dsDNA patients with no significant difference between both groups. The Mean duration of disease was 5.02 ± 5.74 in positive patients and 1.57 ± 1.24 in negative patients with no significant difference between both groups.
Anti ds DNA show significant correlation with oral ulcer (p=0.001*) , cast (p=0.001) and protein/creatinine Ratio (p=0.034*).
Anti nucleosome show significant correlation with oral ulcer (p=0.026*) and cast (p=0.002*).
Anti smith show significant correlation with oral ulcer (p=0.020*) , alopecia (p=0.024*), pleurisy (p=0.029*), WBCs (p=0.035*), PLT (p=0.032*) and cast (p=0.001*).
In this study, there was significant relation between occurrence of nephritis and the presence of (Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Nucleosome, Anti-Smith) antibodies, p-values were (0.002), (0.003), and (0.016) respectively.
We found that there was highly significant difference between Anti-dsDNA, Anti nucleosome, Anti Smith positive and negative groups as regards SLEDAI score (p=0.001, p=0.005 , p=0.001) respectively and a significant difference between anti-Histone, Anti- Ro52KD, anti-La, anti-SCL70, Mi-2, anti-Jo-1, anti PCNA positive and negative groups (p=0.046, p=0.024, p=0.032, p=0.047, p=0.047, p=0.014, p=0.017) respectively regarding SLEDAI score, but there were non significant difference in other antibodies regarding SLEDAI score.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that Anti-dsDNA, Anti nucleosome, Anti Smith is associated with disease activity at SLE diagnosis. Thus, Anti-dsDNA, Anti nucleosome, Anti Smith can be a serological marker to assess disease activity in patients with SLE.