الفهرس 
الفصل الأول الإطار العام للدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
المستخلص:
هدفت الدراسة إلى وضع نموذج مقترح لتحقيق الشراكة بين الجامعات والمؤسسات الإنتاجية بمصر، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفى ومنهج تحليل النظم مع الاستعانة بأسلوب دلفى،واعتمدت الدراسة على أداة استمارة استطلاع رأى بعض الخبراء بالجامعات المصرية،وبعض الخبراء بحاضنات الأعمال التكنولوجية ومدينة الأبحاث العلمية والتطبيقات التكنولوجية بمدينة الاسكندرية، من خلال جولات أسلوب دلفى الثلاث بهدف تعرف وجهة نظر الخبراء فى كيفية وضع نموذج مقترح لحدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا لتحقيق الشراكة البحثية بين الجامعات والمؤسسات الإنتاجية بمصر، وخرجت الدراسة بوضع نموذج مقترح لحدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا لتحقيق شراكة بين الجامعات والمؤسسات الإنتاجية بمصر.
وتناولت الدراسة الإطار المفاهيمى لحدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا بالجامعات من حيث (نشأتها، وتطورها، ومفهومها، ومبادئها، وأهدافها، وأهميتها، وخصائصها)، وأنواعها، وهيكلها التنظيمى والإدارى، ومكوناتها، والأنشطة والخدمات التى تقدمها، وعوامل نجاحها ومعايير تقييمها، كما تناولتبعض النماذج العالمية لحدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا.
كما تناولت الدراسة الأطر النظرية للشراكة بين الجامعات والمؤسسات الإنتاجية فى مجال البحث العلمى والتطوير، وتضمن الإطار المفاهيمى للشراكة البحثية من حيث (مفهومها وفلسفتها، وأهدافها، وأهميتها وفوائدها، وخصائصها)، ومبادئها وشروطها، وأنماطها وأنواعها ومستوياتها، ودواعيها، ومجالاتها، ومقوماتها، واستراتيجياتها، ومراحلها، ومتطلبات تحقيقها، وواقع الشراكة البحثية فى مصر، ودور حدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا فى تحقيق الشراكة البحثية، كما رصدت الدراسة واقع منظومة البحث العلمى من خلال تحليل مدخلاتها وعملياتها ومخرجاتها، وتقدم الدراسةنموذج مقترح لحدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا لتحقيق شراكة بين الجامعات والمؤسسات الإنتاجية بمصر.
الكلمات المفتاحية: ( نموذج - حدائق العلوم والتكنولوجيا - الشراكة البحثية – المؤسسات الإنتاجية )
ِAbstract
Introduction:
The university is the institution qualified to incubate and practice scientific research, and to reach its desired goals, due to the presence of qualified cadres to conduct scientific research, and from here universities have become required not only in developed countries, but in all countries of the world , in addition to their multiple functions, a very basic function represented in Bridging the partnership between universities on the one hand and the sectors of production and services on the other hand, Partnership achieves mutual benefit between universities and production and service institutions, as it works for faculty members to provide technical advice and participate in training programs organized by industrial institutions, as well as allow faculty members to work as consultants on work sites, and to benefit from scientific research activities carried out by graduates and members Teaching staff in various fields of science, and translating their scientific results in to products.
Therefore, attention has shifted to interest in scientific research, and universities in developed countries have established science and technology parks attached to universities with specific goals according to their orientations and interests. These gardens are a source of experience from which decision-makers derive their information to solve many problems in society, and science and technology parks are are a formula that supports research and technology partnerships between universities and productive institutions.
The study problem and its questions
The deterioration of the current status of scientific research in Egyptian universities has led to a deficiency in the partnership between Egyptian universities and productive institutions in the field of research and development. This is evident in the following indicators:
- Weak funding for scientific research, and this is primarily due to the weak budget allocated to scientific research in the state budget; And the weakness of the existence of a plan to encourage institutions and production bodies to invest in scientific research and its financing.
- There is a severe deficiency in the application of the results of scientific research conducted in universities in various fields of life.
- The dominant feature of scientific research in Egypt is that it is individual research, and it lacks a team system.
Based on the above, it is clear that scientific research in Egyptian universities suffers from some shortcomings and severe weakness, which caused a gap between Egyptian universities and productive institutions in society, and then it is necessary to achieve effective partnership between them in the field of scientific research and development to achieve the economic development of society through the establishment of science and technology parks, These gardens have met unrivaled demand during the past years as a strategic plan for economic development, especially in areas facing economic decline and recession. It was used as a plan to reorganize the economy and became a base to ensure a decent standard in the business world.
So the study raises the following questions:
1- What are the theoretical foundations of science and technology parks in universities?
2- What are the features of some international models of science and technology parks in universities?
3- What is the reality of the scientific research and development system in Egyptian universities?
4- What are the theoretical frameworks for research partnership between universities and productive institutions and their reality in Egypt?
5- What are the opinions of the experts on developing a proposed model for science and technology parks to achieve partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt?
6- What is the proposed model for science and technology parks in Egypt?
Objectives of the study:
The study aimed to achieve the following:
1- Determining the theoretical foundations of science and technology parks in universities.
2- Presenting the features of some international models of science and technology parks in universities.
3- Uncovering the reality of the scientific research and development system in Egyptian universities.
4- Theoretical frameworks for research partnership between universities and productive institutions and their reality in Egypt.
5- Expert opinions on developing a proposed model for science and technology parks to achieve partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt are known.
6- Setting a proposed model for science and technology parks in Egypt.
the importance of studying:
The importance of the study stems from the following:
1- Keeping in line with the global trend that calls for the necessity of achieving partnership between universities and productive and industrial institutions, especially in the field of scientific research and development, in a way that contributes to developing the performance of the university and society.
2- It is hoped that a new model will be presented on the fields of cooperation and partnership between Egyptian universities and productive institutions, which is science and technology parks, and it can be used in creating effective partnerships that help increase cooperation between universities and productive institutions.
3- The current study may help by developing a proposed model for science and technology parks to achieve partnership between universities and productive institutions in developing society and achieving economic progress, thus stimulating universities and productive institutions to more creativity and innovation, which leads to awareness of the role of science and scientific research in making progress.
4- It may benefit decision makers and future policy-makers of the university (Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research) with a scientific model of ”science and technology parks” to achieve effective partnership between Egyptian universities and productive institutions.
The limits of the study:
The study was determined by the following limits:
- The study was limited to the partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt in the fields of scientific research and development, to the exclusion of other educational and training fields.
The study dealt with some international models of science and technology parks, including:
A- “The Silicon Valley”.
B- Research Triangle Park.
C- Sophia Antipolis.
These Parks were chosen because they are among the oldest and most famous examples of science and technology parks in the world.
- The Delphi method was applied to some experts at the College of Education, the College of Graduate Studies, Cairo University, the National Center for Educational Research and Development (Division of Educational Planning), and some experts in the scientific colleges (the College of Medicine at Menoufia University, the College of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, and the College of Computers and Information, Ain Shams University. And the Faculty of Women for Art, science and Education, Ain Shams University), and some experts in the technological business incubators (the Technology Business Incubator at the Institute of Mineral Studies in Al-Tebbin, and the Technology Business Incubator in Tala in Menoufia Governorate), and some experts at the City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications in Alexandria.
- The researcher applied the field study tool during October and November of 2020.
Methodology and tools:
The study used the descriptive approach that deals with the description and interpretation of what is and is concerned with determining the conditions and relationships that exist between the facts. The study also uses the System Approach, one of the methodological methods for analyzing the phenomenon. The study is a systematic analysis that focuses on solving the problems of reality, The study uses the Delphi technique, a technique used for future planning and forecasting.
The study is based on a questionnaire tool through the three Delphi method tours, in order to identify the viewpoint of Egyptian university professors on how to establish science and technology parks in Egyptian universities to activate their partnership with productive institutions, The study also relied on the open interview tool with some experts at the City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications.
The Study Steps
The study followed the following steps:
The first step: the general framework for the study:
This step included defining the general framework of the study in terms of: the introduction of the study, its problem and questions, its objectives, importance, limitations, methodology and tools, defining the terms of the study, previous studies and commenting on them, and clarifying the steps taken by the study.
The second step: the theoretical foundations of universities science and technology parks:
This step included identifying the conceptual framework of science and technology parks in terms of (their origin, development, concept, principles and objectives, importance and characteristics), the types of science and technology parks, the organizational and administrative structure of science and technology parks, the components of science and technology parks, and the activities and services they provide, through the literature. And previous studies that dealt with the subject.
The third step: the features of some international models of science and technology parks in universities.
This step dealt with a presentation of the success factors of science and technology parks, criteria for evaluating science and technology parks, and features of some global models of science and technology parks established in universities that dealt with Silicon Valley Park, Research Triangle Park, and Sophia Antipolis Park, through literature and previous studies that dealt with the topic.
The fourth step: the reality of the scientific research and development system in Egyptian universities.
This step included the components of the scientific research and development system in Egyptian universities, in terms of inputs (philosophy, university policies and goals, universities’ human resources and their problems, as well as financial and material and technological resources), and operations and included (university independence, comprehensive quality management and academic accreditation, and marketing of scientific research, And evaluation of research performance), and outputs, including (rates of research partnership, rates of scientific publication, ranking in the international classification, and the number of patents), evaluation of the scientific research and development system, and the impact of science and technology parks on the development of the scientific research and development system, through the literature and official documents from The Ministry of Education and colleges of education in the country and through previous studies that dealt with the subject.
The fifth step: theoretical frameworks for research partnership between universities and productive institutions and their reality in Egypt.
This step included the conceptual framework for the research partnership and includes (the concept of research partnership - the philosophy of the research partnership and its objectives - the benefits of the research partnership - the characteristics of the research partnership), the principles of the research partnership, its conditions, patterns, types and levels, the reasons for the research partnership, its fields, constituents, stages, requirements for achieving it, and its obstacles in Egypt, and some research areas that have been established to achieve partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt, and the role of science and technology parks in achieving research partnership, through literature and previous studies that dealt with the topic.
Sixth step: field study procedures and results.
This step dealt with the field study that aims to get acquainted with the opinions of experts on developing a proposed model for science and technology parks to achieve a research partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt, to identify the most important stages and planning requirements for developing the proposed model using the Delphi method, and it is applied in three successive rounds to a group from experts to get acquainted with their views on developing the proposed model, and it includes the objective of the field study, the field study procedures in terms of (steps for formulating the initial image of the field study form, the study community and its sample, the difficulties encountered by the researcher during the application of the Delphi method in its three rounds, and the statistical methods used in processing Delphi tours data), field study application results and associated outcomes.
The seventh step: Developing a proposed model for science and technology parks in Egypt.
This step included developing a proposed model for science and technology parks in Egypt in light of what has been reached in the theoretical framework of the study and the field study that revealed the views of some experts on how to develop a proposed model for science and technology parks to achieve a partnership between universities and productive institutions in Egypt, and the proposed model revolves around a group of The axes: First: the results of the field study, in both its theoretical and field aspects, the concept of the model, its importance, objectives, and steps, second: the features of the proposed model, including: the starting points of the proposed model, its objectives and components, the requirements for implementing the proposed model, and the difficulties that may face the implementation of the proposed model and how to overcome them.