الفهرس 
Hepatocellular CarcinomaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The HCC is one of the most common cancers worldwide and it is rarely detected early. The HCC is the commonest primary cancer of the liver, and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. HCC almost always develops within a diseased liver, most often secondary to chronic viral infection (hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection) and rarely due to inherited and metabolic disorders.
Chronic antigen exposure with presence of suppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) push CD8+ T cells into a cellular state commonly described as exhaustion with progressive loss of effector functions and immune-surveillance of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Exhausted T cells are characterized with high expression of inhibitory immune check point (IC) including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3).
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a non-classical HLA class I molecule. Physiologically, HLA-G has a restricted tissue expression, whereas neo-expression of HLA-G is induced in various pathological situations such as cancers, viral infection and other diseases. HLA-G has comprehensive suppressive functions to impair anti-tumor immune responses.
The HLA-G genes is shown to be well conserved in the coding region, but its 5’ upstream regulatory region (5’ URR) and 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) display a high level of polymorphism that is associated with the expression of HLA-G. This research aimed to study ICs; PD-1, sTIM-3 and HLA-G polymorphism in HCC patients as a guidance of a future new line of the immunotherapy.