الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the past half-century, researchers started directing their attention to improve city development strategies (CDS), and city systems to become more eligible for the growing demands of citizens. Residents were not only seeking a better living space but also a better climate performance, productive, sustainable, well-governed cities. When discussing city-scale developments, Good Governance (GG) is the agreed-on modern key to implementing any enhancement project. However, overly ambitious public participation plans that are difficult to realize may serve the people’s trust in the system badly and make them lose interest in the process. Consequently, identifying how much freedom the city system offers the citizens eases the planning process considerably. Anchored on the Good Governance’s pillars, its methodology ensures the participation of the public in decision-making to guarantee the achievement of people’s demands and needs. Public participation is a cornerstone in any development project. Citizens, entrepreneurs, and lobbyists want to be informed in detail before decisions that affect them are taken. Their presence as active parts of the development projects ensures that the benefactor’s needs and requirements are achieved and that the city assets are used in a way that enhances their lives in the city. More and more people want a say in shaping their surroundings: their part of town, their community, their region. They want to influence future developments, and thus, their quality of life. Numerous decision-makers in politics and the administration are increasingly aware of the benefits of exchanging ideas and of working together with citizens concerned. However, public participation is known of being time and money-consuming without remarkable results. Overcoming this reputation requires a method of accomplishing the participation practices warranties its effectiveness as a tool. The study proposes an effective public participation approach (EPPA) based on Good Governance Understandings. Effective public participation strategies of three pioneer researchers (Miskowik’s strategy, Wilcox’s strategy, and Hudson’s strategy) are studied to formulate the proposal’s strategy and parameters. The approach comprises an effective participation framework and complementary guidelines to ensure the smoothness of the process. Correlating the Levels of public Participation, stakeholders, urban development stages, and city systems build a homogeneous balanced urban development process for cities. A general blank framework is exerted from the previous understandings and will be filled according to the city system in which it will be applied. Applying the framework to different city systems generates different participation patterns customized for the specific case. The proposal is compared with actual city development projects that took place in cities with governmental and governance systems as Egypt (Tunisia village case study). The case study addresses the urban development projects of city centers in Alexandria, examines the development project of Elkhaledin garden (as a part of Leader Ibrahim center) to support the suggested approach. The proposal is compared with what happened in the development of the garden. Studying the situation of the center through the last ten years, citizens’ and users’ claims and complaints, interviewing local users, and spreading online surveys were the tools for data collection and approach testing. The design team of the project was also interviewed to have a better understanding of the project. The results show promising initiatives from the citizens and governments’ part starting to establish public participation concepts and understandings within the cities. A set of recommendations and areas of further research are proposed by the end of the study.