الفهرس 
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Abstract
High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is the gold standard imaging modality for most pulmonary diseases. However, the associated high expenses, radiation exposure, and its limited possibility for bedside use are a limitation. Transthoracic ultrasonograghy (TUS) is used progressively for evaluation of pulmonary diseases. Its non invasive nature, relatively low price, portability for bedside use, and high reproducibility of results allows for incorporation of imaging findings with clinical data. Although TUS is not an alternative to HRCT, it can potentially provide useful supplemental information in certain specific situations, such as for rapid bedside diagnostic assessment of dyspneic patients. B-line is a common and significant abnormal sign used for diagnostic appraisal by TUS, but it cannot define the exact underlying pathologic feature on a lung ultrasound. When the lung parenchymal pathology reaches the lung surface, certain characteristic changes of the pleural line can be detected by means of the good imaging made possible by high-resolution TUS, but the application and strength of pleural line abnormalities in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases has not been adequately explored. Existing literature on the illustration of the pleural line is sparce, and the shape of pleural line has not been adequately investigated and described, especially in comparison with CT findings. Most studies that have investigated pleural lines are confined to the subpopulation with interstitial lung diseases. Copetti et al (2008)[9] reported that abnormal pleural lines were detected in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, which could be used for the differential diagnosis with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edemaThe current study was performed at Department of Chest of Assiut University Hospitals in periodbetweenMay2019andMay2020.