الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infections gained during healthcare services, more familiar called health care-associated infections (HAIs), are the most frequent inverse events in health care.
These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries. In developed countries, nosocomial infections account for 7% of all infections, but in underprivileged ones, they account for 10% (WHO HAIs Fact Sheet, 2019). The incidence rate of HAI in Egypt was as recorded as 3.7% recently, while Surgical Site Infections SSI were the most frequent infections as 25.8% in Egypt from 4.1% in clean wound to 66.7% in dirty contaminated wounds which resulting in prolonged hospitalization and risk of death (Abdel-Haleim et al., 2010), On the other hand, The estimated median total cost of treating them per 1000 patient annually would be around 66,700 Egyptian Pounds from the hospital perspective, 76,800 Egyptian Pounds from the patient perspective. According to some estimates, preventing a case of HAIs economize on an average more than US$ 10 000 and reduces the patient’s risk of fate from 7% to 1.6% (Abu Sheasha et al., 2017).
The thesis aims to improve patient safety and quality of care and to significantly reduce healthcare costs with low-cost and develop Evidence-based Infection Prevention Solutions to Improve Healthcare Conditions and Efficiency Through Environmental Design Based on Scientific Methodologies in Egypt, by the magnitude of HAI rates in Egypt by demonstrate further alternative solutions to spread the EBD concept there should be more researches in hospital projects. Therefore, the constant development of EBD design solutions will create a virtuous circle that the goal is to progress healthcare status and efficiency by an environmental design based on scientific methodologies.
The thesis consists of 4 chapters and ends with conclusions and recommendations for future research, the first part consists of chapter1, addressing the importance of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) and highlights the phenomenon of infection transfer. Then chapter 2, recognizing the basic architectural principles required to control the spread of infections, including general architectural considerations and addresses the relation between contemporary architectural trends and the phenomenon of infection transfer by illustrating & identifying Evidence-based Design concept to improve environmental design efficiency.
Chapter 3 investigates Evidence-based Design as a tool to enhance infection prevention and control for surgical suites trough local and regional case studies, while Chapter 4 investigates and explores Architects’ methodology during the physical design of healthcare facilities in Egypt and figure out the stages of control Healthcare Associated Infections.
Sustainable design strategies are aimed to find architectural alternatives that promise humans, living organisms, and humans that make up the ecosystem. Nowadays The evolution of the coronavirus and the increase of microbial resistance, draws attention to the unrecognized public health problem emerging from Healthcare Associated Infections in Egypt and demonstrated that design planning have always played a remarkable role in infection control.
This study concludes that the key theme throughout using the health care physical environment to prevent and control infection spread is the importance of bringing the right disciplines together to create safe, healing environments by exchanging perspectives during all phases of planning, construction and renovation of health care facilities, designers and health care providers can create environments that directly contribute to reduction of HAIs