الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
Hand Hygiene ComplianceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hand hygiene is an important healthcare issue globally and is a single most cost-effective and practical measure to reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infection (HCAIs) and the spread of antimicrobial resistance across all settings from advanced healthcare systems to primary healthcare centers; these infections are the most common adverseevents resulting from a stay in the hospital affecting approximately 5%–10% of hospitalized patients in the developedworld, and the burden is larger in underdeveloped nations (Yassin et al., 2018).
Aim of the study
The present study was carried out:
To assess health teams’ defiance towards hand hygiene compliance.
Research question:
1. What is the health team compliance level towards hand hygiene ?
2. What are health team defiance reasons towards hand hygiene compliance
Subjects and Method
Research design:
Descriptive exploratory research design was conducted in this study.
Setting:
The study was conducted in Department of General Surgery and Special Surgery (Plastic surgery &Burn department, Orthopedic Surgery, and Vascular Surgery) at Main Assiut University Hospital.
Subject:-
All available health team members and who are willing to participate in the study (200 physicians and nurses) in previously mentioned settings.
Tool:
One tool was utilized to collect data for this study after reviewing relevant literature, and to achieve the study purpose.
Tool: Hand hygiene compliance audit questionnaire, adopted from (WHO, 2012): it included three parts:
• Part I: Demographic data: It included 8 items (gender, age groups, work place, educational level, years of experience, marital status, position, previous training program about infection control and hand washing, etc……).
• Part II: Health teams’ compliance with hand hygiene practice, adopted from, (WHO, 2012). This part aimed to determine health teams’ compliance with hand hygiene practice. The observer/auditor records the occasions, they observed where a staff member should have carried out hand hygiene, called “opportunities.” Examples of hand hygiene opportunities include:
Hand hygiene before touching patient, before clean ∕ a septic procedures, after fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching patient surroundings and before touching or handling patient food.
• Part III: Health teams’ regarding reasons for non-compliance with hand hygiene: This part was developed by the researcher to elicit health team reasons for non-compliance with hand hygiene consisted of 16 questions covering three items. Response to each question scored according to a three point likert scale; strongly agree (3), agree (2), and disagree (1).
• Main moment for appropriate hand hygiene technique were after patient contact, after body fluids. While, hand rub performed probably after patients contact and before aseptic technique. However, large percentage of the studied health team wear gloves before patient and before aseptic technique
• Majority of the studied health team had a poor level of hand hygiene, hand rub, and gloves using. Major reason for non-compliance with hand hygiene was Staff not aware about (5 MOMENT’S) indication of hand hygiene.
• There was statistically significance between hand washing opportunities level and demographic data (years of experience, spatiality and level of education) of health teams’.
• There was no statistically significance between hand rub opportunities level and demographic data except their level of education.
• There was statistically significance between wearing gloves opportunities level and demographic data of health teams’.
• There was a statistically significance relation between hand washing and hand rub compliance level and reason of non compliance.