الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the efficiency of PUI, EDDY sonic activation, Roeko canal brush and manual K files in removing intracanal Ca(OH)2 medicament using CBCT for evaluation.
The present study was conducted on 40 single canaled extracted human teeth. Digital periapical radiographs were taken for all teeth to ensure the presence of single canals (Vertucci type I). Teeth were decoronated and prepared with ProTaper Next files up to size X3. Calcium hydroxide paste (MetaPaste) was used to fill the root canals and the access cavity was sealed with a cotton pellet and Cavit temporary restoration. The complete and homogenous filling of the entire root canal was checked with digital periapical radiographs. The samples were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 based on the method of calcium hydroxide removal. group A: PUI, group B: EDDY sonic activation, group C: Roeko canal brush, and group D: manual K file. The roots were embedded in blocks of wax, and CBCT images were taken for all the samples. The volume of intracanal Ca(OH)2 paste was measured using OnDemand3D software. All the specimens were stored in an incubator for a week at 37oC and 100% relative humidity. Following the storage period, temporary fillings were removed from all teeth, and Ca(OH)2 removal was performed with the chosen technique for each group. The irrigation protocol was standardized for all the samples. A size 30 gauge ProRinse side vented needle was used while being positioned one millimeter shorter than the working length. Five ml of 2.5% NaOCl was used for irrigation during removal procedures. A final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 5 ml of saline solution was then performed. The roots were then scanned with CBCT to measure the volume of intracanal Ca(OH)2 remnants. The difference between the pre and post-retrieval volumes was calculated, as well as the volume of post-retrieval paste in each third of the canal.
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Results of the present study showed that completely removing intracanal Ca(OH)2 could not be achieved by any of the tested techniques. It was also revealed that PUI and EDDY achieved the highest volumes of removed intracanal Ca(OH)2. There was a statistically significant difference when both PUI and EDDY were compared to the control group, while the Roeko canal brush showed no significant difference in comparison to the control group. The largest volume of residual intracanal Ca(OH)2 was detected in the apical third of the root canals in all groups.