الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 124 |  |  |
| | | from | 124 | | |
Abstract
The present study was carried out in accordance with the Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines of the Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt (Approval number: 03/2018/du.edu). The hatching eggs and the chicks in the experiment were provided proper care and management without unnecessary discomfort.
Experimental Procedures: A total number of 450 eggs (Avian) were normally incubated at 37.7 ºC and 65% relative humidity (RH) in an automatic incubator. At the10th day of incubation eggs were divided into equal mainly five treatment groups which included three replicates (30 eggs each) in a completely randomized design of incubation. The first group, was intact non-injected eggs, considered as negative control (C), and the second group was injected with 0.1 ml of sterile distillated water, while the 3th, 4th and 5th groups were injected with the same amount (0.1 ml/egg) of cinnamon, thyme and clove extracts, respectively. The point site of injection was punctured by hard and thin stylus and the tested material was injected by using graded insulin syringe (1 ml) and the punctured site was sealed with non-toxic glue sticks. At the 18th day of incubation, all eggs were transferred to the hatcher and kept till hatching at 36.5°C and 70% RH. Upon hatch, weight of newly-hatched chicks was measured, and 50 chicks per treatment were randomly chosen and transferred to an experimental house and reared for 35 days.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
It was observed that the chicks produced from the eggs injected with the herbal extracts had an increase in weight and a better feed conversion rate than the chicks that hatched from the control and sham groups throughout the experimental breeding period.
• It was found that all the carcass traits examined except for carcass weight (%), heart weight (%) and bursa gland were not significantly affected (P> 0.05) by oocyte injection with different herbal extracts.
• It was observed that liver enzymes, globulin fraction, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels were significant (P <0.05) affected by fattening eggs injected with herbal extracts.
• The serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the herbal extract groups compared to the herbal extract group. The lowest values were recorded in thyme and clove extracts for ALT and AST compared to the other experimental groups.
• The effect of in ovo injection of herbal extracts on plasma immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) in Avian hatched chicks. Plasma IgG was significantly (P≤0.01) increased in herbal extracts groups compared to other groups. Whereas, plasma concentration of IgG were increased by 30.2, 45.6 and 50.0% for the three herbal extracts treatments (cinnamom, thyme and clove), respectively compared with control value. On the other hand either IgA or IgM did not affect by in ovo treated.
• The effect of in- ovo injection of herbal extracts on serum MDA, SOD, T3 and T4 of broiler chickens at market age.The serum MDA and SOD of the birds belongs to herbal extracts were lower and higher, respectively than that of sham and control groups. The values of T3 and T4 of the chickens injected with herbal extracts; except clove extract were similar. The levels of T3 and T4 of birds of clove extract was higher than that of other experimental groups.
• The in-ovo injection broiler eggs with either thyme or clove had lower lipids profile than those from the control and sham groups.
Conclusions:-
It was concluded that in- ovo injection of herbal extracts, especially clove extract (0.1ml/egg) on 10th d of incubation has positive effect on chick weight at hatch and post hatch performance, physiological, immunological and anti-oxidative status of broiler hatched chicks.