الفهرس 
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Abstract
Heat exchanger network synthesis is considered as one of the most important fields in the chemical process systems. They are used to exchange heat among more than two process streams, in which the hot streams are cooled by the cold streams that need to be heated and vice versa. In this way, a great amount of heat energy can be recovered from the process streams, thus, the heating and cooling loads from external sources can be greatly reduced, that way improving the overall plant economics. Though, using heat exchangers for heat recovery also increases the capital costs. Therefore, a trade-off between the utility costs and capital costs should be considered. The optimal design of a heat exchanger network is to configure a heat recovery system that is able to perform the prespecified tasks at the minimum total annual costs. The design of HENs is a very complex process so, it imposes using mathematical programming to obtain a solution for this optimization problem.