الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
One of the most important reasons of endodontic treatment failure is the persistence or survival of microorganisms in the complex root canal system or periapical area; therefore, the success of endodontic treatment depends, to a great degree, on the elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system through mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation.
Profound irrigation of the canals with antimicrobial solutions is an important step to decrease the number of microorganisms or eliminate them from the root canal system. E. faecalis has been reported in high prevalence in primary endodontic infections affecting children.
The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect and smear layer removal ability of 12.5% turmeric extract solution as an intracanal irrigant with 2% CHX and normal saline when used as root canal irrigants in extracted primary teeth contaminated with E.faecalis bacteria.
For antibacterial effect seventy extracted primary teeth were decoronated and only the roots were used in this study, randomly divided into five experimental group, as follows: group I: consisted of 20 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with 2% CHX solution, group II: consisted of 20 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with sterile saline, group III: consisted of 20 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with 12.5% turmeric solution, group IV (positive control): consisted of 5 roots that were contaminated only and group V (negative control): consisted of 5 roots that were not contaminated nor irrigated.
After mechanical preparation of the root canals employing the step back preparation technique reacting master apical file size # 40 to standardize the diameter of all canals, sterilization of all samples were carried out using andromeda vacuum xp autoclave at 121 ºC and 15 PSI pressure for 15 minutes.
Bacterial contamination with the E.faecalis of the first three groups were carried out, assigning each group to its selected irrigation solution for 5 minutes then samples were collected from the canals using sterile paper points and colony-forming units of bacteria were enumerated.
There was a significant difference between the groups and positive control group. Positive control group had the highest (mean±SD) bacterial count followed by saline group then turmeric group while CHX group had the lowest (mean±SD) bacterial count.
For the reduction percentage change, CHX group showed a significantly higher (mean±SD) value than turmeric group which indicated that a 2% CHX irrigation has a higher bacterial efficacy against E. faecalis than saline and turmeric irrigation solutions.
For smear layer removal ability, 15 roots were used and were divided into three groups (5 roots) each. After instrumentation techniques, irrigating the roots with irrigation materials (12.5% turmeric extract, 2% CHX and sterile saline). Longitudinal grooves were cut mesially and distally on the external root surface to facilitate splitting of the roots.
The sections were mounted on metallic stubs, gold-sputtered and examined under (SEM). Then evaluate the degree of smear layer removal ability by modified Hulsmann et al. scoring system.
There was a significant difference between the three tested groups. Saline group had the highest (mean ±SD) total remaining smear layer followed by turmeric group while CHX group had the lowest (mean±SD).