الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Placement of indwelling ureteral stents has become routine in the management of variety of urinary tract diseases, which prevent upper urinary tract obstruction, divert urine, allowing for faster tissue healing, and dilate the ureter, assisting in stone passage.
The main indications of DJ ureteral stents are ureteroscopic management of ureteral stones when there is ureteral edema, perforation, history of renal failure, solitary, or transplanted kidney, and it used also for passive dilatation of ureter and ureteral orifice.
Stent discomfort can vary from one patient to another, but it is believed to affect about 80% of patients. Studies identified patient morbidity associated with ureteral stents as a significant health problem They found that ureteral stents are associated with significant symptoms, such as pain affecting daily activities, urinary symptoms and reduced work performance that reduced quality of life.
The use of validated objective tool to evaluate stent related symptoms and their effect in quality of life become available after development of the Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ), and in our study we used the validated Arabic Version.
According to USSQ, the use of the combination therapy has a significant improvement in urinary symptoms, pain, work performance, sexual score, patient satisfaction, and general health score.