الفهرس 
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Abstract
Malaria is a serious Arthropoda-borne disease caused by a protozoan parasite, Plasmodium. Transmission occurs by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito. It is considered as a major cause of death worldwide. The disease is mostly a problem in developing countries with warm climates. In 2015, 95 countries had ongoing malaria transmission. About 3.2 billion people, almost half of the world’s populations are at risk of malaria. Despite that, malaria is preventable and curable, and increased efforts are dramatically reducing the malaria burden in many diseases’ places.
Egypt had many reports of introduced cases or limited outbreaks of indigenous cases. The last focus of malaria in Egypt was in El-Fayoum after which Egypt is free of internally acquired cases of malaria since 1998. As all the recorded cases were imported mainly from Sudan, Re- emerging malaria often becomes a serious public health problem in many countries. It is important to consider malaria in all febrile patients with history of travelling to malaria endemic areas.
Currently, all endemic countries have officially adopted artemisinin- based combination therapies (ACT) as first-line treatment for non-severe malaria.
In the present study, assessment of the current drug regimens used for the treatment of malaria and causes of resistance to these drugs was studied through monitoring parasitemia and density in thin & thick blood films on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th and 42 days post treatments. Extraction of DNA from blood samples of resistant cases was done followed by sequencing analysis for detection of mutations in plasmodium genome responsible for resistance.
The current study was carried out on 104 malarial patients, came to Egypt from different countries, Egyptian travelers (North Sudan 15, Nigeria 11 & Guinea 4), visitors from North (31) and South Sudan (14), Nigeria (14), Chad (11) and Guinea (4) admitted to Abbassia fever hospital.
All participants were divided among two main groups by presence or absence of signs of severe malaria according to WHO criteria:
group I (uncomplicated): consisted of 82 patients.
group II (complicated): consisted of 22 patients.
The results of the present study showed that 72.7% were male patients from complicated group and 27.3% were females.
The present results showed that 40.9% of complicated patients with age (5 ≤17) and 59.1% were with age (˃17) with a mean of (29.86±13.97) for both.
The results of the present study demonstrated that 100% environmentally exposed were from complicated group and zero% were environmentally non exposed.
The results of the present study demonstrated that majority of patients came from Sudan.
Concerning young age, the present results revealed that that 40.9% (9) in complicated group followed by 11% (9) in uncomplicated group.
Concerning DM, the present results demonstrate 50% (11) in complicated group followed by 4.9% (4) in uncomplicated group.
Concerning hypertension, it was recorded that 59.1% (13) in complicated group followed by 35.4% (29) in uncomplicated group.
Summary
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Regarding anemia, it was noticed that 90.9% (20) in complicated group followed by 84.1% (69) in uncomplicated group.
Concerning ABO grouping, group B was recorded 81.8% (18) in complicated group and group O was recorded 24.4% (20) in uncomplicated