الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of retainer design (Full coverage retainers &Partial coverage retainer) under two direction of loading: (Vertical loading & Lateral loading on the induced strain and fracture resistance of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max press) anterior cantilever bridge.
A total of 30 all-ceramic heat pressed e.max cantilever bridges were constructed and divided according to bridge and retainer design into three main groups (10 bridges each).: Cantilever bridge with Full coverage retainer, Cantilever bridge with partial coverage Three-Quarter retainer., Fixed- fixed bridge with full coverage retainer.
Each group was further divided according to the direction of loading into two subgroups (5 bridges each): Vertical loading (Parallel to tooth long axis), Lateral loading (45 degree from tooth long axis). Fracture resistance and strain of samples were then tested.
The results showed that there was a statistically significant interaction between direction of load and design of the restoration regarding the fracture results.
Regarding the strain, there was a statistically significant interaction between direction of load and design of the restoration regarding the fracture results.
There was a strong positive correlation between Fracture Load and Strain that was statistically significant. It was concluded that all bridge designs have shown clinically acceptable fracture resistance results.