الفهرس 
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Abstract
Phage therapy has recently gained traction as a potential substitute to the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen MDR to traditional antibiotic chemotherapy. This in vitro phage therapy study aimed to isolate a lytic bacteriophage isolated from water stations from Qalubiya governorate, Egypt with the assessment of its lytic potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae irrefutable isolates.
Clinical samples were collected from the microbiology lab, faculty of medicine, Benha University. The samples were sieved and assorted with K. pneumoniae culture trailed by incubation at 37°C overnight. An Antibiogram of isolated Klebsiella bacteria against different antibiotics was evaluated. Measurements of phage titration, latent period, and burst size were carried out by the bilayer agar method using the K. pneumoniae strains. The isolated phage was categorized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal, and pH. Restriction enzymes pattern were done for phage. Biofilm assay by 96-well microplate was also assessed.
The isolated lytic bacteriophage-shaped small clear plaques with a latent period of 20 min and a burst time of 32 min. TEM results exhibited that the phage looks like the tailed Myoviridae family and was designated vB_KpnM-k3. The phage vB_KpnM-k3 was most stable at 37°C, pH 7. Biofilm elimination events of 62% and 50% were correspondingly spotted.
the isolated lytic Klebsiella phage cocktail proved to battle the MDR-Klebsiella in clinical infections. Also, the phage could diminish and reduce Klebsiella biofilms that are very fundamental in sustaining public health.